Earth's
Atmosphere
and Composition of
Atmosphere
Presented by: April Joy Ventures
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the lesson, you'll be able to:
1 2 3 4
Describe the
Identify the heights, Identify the
Define what
is layers of the temperature gases present
atmosphere and in each layer
atmosphere
pressures of of the
each layer of atmosphere
the
atmosphere
History
Earth’s is believed to have formed about 5 billion years ago. A dense
atmosphere emerged from the vapor and gases that were expelled during
degasses of the planets interior that happened about 500 million years ago.
Many scientists believed that Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen, water
vapor, methane and carbon dioxide.
As of today, the atmosphere has become a very vital of the Earth’s which
support life. However, with the ever dynamic world that we have today and
with the emergence of new technologies, the atmosphere has been exploited
in such a way that it is also being degraded. On the other hand, if and only if
we, human would manage to preserve and sustain out atmosphere, the next
generations will still experience the beauty of life.
Earth's Atmosphere
1 2
> The earth is surrounded by a
> Earth’s the is a blanket of air which we call
layer of gases atmosphere. It reaches over
surrounding planet 560 kilometers from the
Troposphere
surface of the earth.
Atmosphere
>Is a thin gaseous layer that surrounds the earth.
> It is composed of 71% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen and
1% water vapor, argon and carbon dioxide.
>The atmosphere also contains Helium, Neon,Methane
and Nitrous oxide gases in trace amount
Nitrogen
> Nitrogen is the most abundant
gas in the atmosphere, being a
non-reactive elements and
undergoes a natural cycle
Composition of the
Atmosphere
The Earth’s atmosphere extends outward to about
1,000 kilometers where it transitions to interplanetary
space where it upper limits become thinner and
thinner, then eventually emerging within the empty
space. Almost 99% of the mass of the atmosphere is
located within the 40 kilometers.
Air density
- is the number of air molecules in a given space, it follows that air
density is greatest at the surface and decrease by going up into the
atmosphere.
Atmospheric pressure or simply air pressure
-is a force exerted over an area of the surface. Atmospheric pressure
always decreases with increasing height.
Layers of Atmosphere
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere
Troposphere
> Comes from the Greek word trophein, meaning to turn, or to change, is the
atmospheric layer closest to the earth’s surface.
> It extension about 8-16 kilometers from the earth’s surface.
> This layers also contains over 90% of the total water vapor of the
atmosphere.
> A narrow zone at the top of the troposphere is called tropopause, it
separates the underlying troposphere and the overlying stratosphere.Jet
stream, strong eastwards winds, occur at this layer.
Stratosphere
-Comes from the Greek stratum, meaning covering layer, it ranges
roughly 12-50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface.
-The amount of water vapor in this later is very low.
-This layer contains the ozone layer
- Stratopause is the boundary of the stratosphere which is marked by a
sudden decrease in temperature.
-The Ozone is the bluish gas that is formed by the disassociation of the
molecular oxygen and the combining of the atomic oxygen with molecular
oxygen.
-This layer absorb solar energy in the form of ultraviolet radiation, and
the energy is dissipated at heat in the stratosphere.
Mesosphere
-Comes from the Greek meso meaning middle, it is above the
stratosphere.
-It is the coldest layer where ice cloud occurs and meteors
(shooting star) burn up.
-The air is extremely thin and the atmospheric pressure is quite
low.
-The top of the mesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere.
-Mesopause is the boundary between the mesosphere and the
thermosphere.
Thermosphere
-Comes from the Greek therme meaning heat, it is a thin hot
layer above the mesosphere.
-It is the part where oxygen molecules absorb solar rays which
warm the air.
-The temperature of the thermosphere varies considerably with
solar energy.
Exosphere
-Different regions of this layer make long distance communication
possible.
Satellites found here
Ionosphere
-Is not an actual layer of the atmosphere. It is an electrified region within
the atmosphere where large amount of ions and free electrons exist.
-It plays a major role in communications which reflects standard AM
radio waves back to the earth.
THANK YOU!
