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Kinds of Variables

Quantitative Research

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Alexandra Lily Bee
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16 views29 pages

Kinds of Variables

Quantitative Research

Uploaded by

Alexandra Lily Bee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KINDS OF

VARIABLES

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Definition of a VARIABLE

Measurable characteristic that


changes in value and is anything that
may assume varied numerical or
categorical values
Definition of a VARIABLE

Anything that can change the


results of a study
Definition of a VARIABLE

Properties or characteristics
of some event, object, or
person that can be assigned in
different values or amounts
KINDS OF VARIABLES

DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- “outcome variable”
- Brought by the changes made
by the independent variable
KINDS OF VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
- “cause variable”
- The one being manipulated and is
responsible for causing changes to
another variable
EX. In a certain study, a farmer applied
fertilizer A to a group of plants while the
other group did not receive any. After a
month, the farmer measured the growth
of both group of plants.
IV Fertilizer A (this is the one which
brought about the change to the
growth of plants.
DV Growth of plant (it was the result
after fertilizer A was applied)
Continuation of QUIZ BEE!
When conducting studies,
researchers must also be aware
of the existence of other
variables that may affect the
study being study
a. CONTROL VARIABLE:

- Held constant in a study.


- Can not be changed or manipulated
Example:

When conducting experiments on the effect of


a certain fertilizer on the growth of plants, the
control variables are the type of plant, kind of
soil, and amount of water given.
- To ensure that the one being measured is the
effect of the fertilizer on the growth of plants
and not of other factors.
b. INTERVENING VARIABLE:

Mediating or moderator variables.


Link the gap between independent and
dependent variables.
Example:

In looking for the relationship of the amount of


time spent in studying (IV) and the grades of
students (DV), this could change according to
the level of a brain booster drug (InV)
- Relationship between DV and IV may change
according to the level of use of a brain booster
drug.
c. EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE:

If not controlled, can affect the outcome of the


study.
As researchers, you must control these so they
will not affect the result.
Example:
When studying the relationship between the level
of physical activity (IV) to the weight of the
person (DV), there are other extraneous variable
involved like age.
- We cannot totally say that the physical activity
of the person is the only reason for their weight.
- RANDOM SAMPLING to reduce the effect of the
(EV)
Continuation of QUIZ BEE!
CLASSIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE

CONTINUOUS DISCRETE

Infinite number on the -Limited number of


value that can occur distinct values which
within a population, cannot be divided into
can be divided into fractions
fraction -Sex, blood group,
- Age, height, and number of children
temperature
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

DISCRETE VARIABLE- NOMINAL OR


ORDINAL
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE- INTERVAL
OR RATIO
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

1. NOMINAL VARIABLE
- Do not have any quantitative value
or order
- Eye color, religion, email address
Example:

Select an option which describes your eye color


1- black
2- brown
3- green
4- blue
IDAGDAG SA NOTEBOOK!

1. NOMINAL VARIABLE
- Dichotomous variable (SEX M or F)
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

2. ORDINAL VARIABLE
- Can be ranked of ordered
Example:

Level of customer satisfaction


4- Very Satisfied
3- Satisfied
2- Unsatisfied
1- Very Unsatisfied
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

3. INTERVAL VARIABLE
- Used to define values measured
along a continuum.
Example:

The difference between 40°C and


50°C is the same as 50°C and 60°C
Example:

Time, pH value, IQ
Note:

It is important to note that ZERO is


ARBITRARY which means ZERO has a
meaning.
- 0°C does not imply the absence of
temperature– but very cold.
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

4. RATIO
- Measurement which possesses the
characteristics of interval variable
and has a true meaning or
definition of zero
Continuation of QUIZ BEE!

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