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4 Dynamic Memory

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17 views15 pages

4 Dynamic Memory

Uploaded by

kaled20188a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamic Memory

Allocation

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Dynamic Memory

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3
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Memory Allocation

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Object (variable) creation:
New Operator
The "new" operator in C++
The new operator in C++ is used to dynamically allocate a
block of memory and store its address in a pointer variable
during the execution of a C++ program if enough memory is
available in the system.

Syntax for "new" operator:


data_type * ptr_var = new data_type;
where
ptr is a pointer of type data_Type

Uninitialized int variable


Example
int* p = new int; 6
Allocation Error Handling

int* ptr = new(nothrow) int; if


(ptr == NULL)
{
cout << "Allocation Failed!\n";
}

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Object (variable) destruction:

Delete Operator : The delete operator is used


to de-allocate the block of memory, which is
dynamically allocated using the new operator.
Syntax
delete p;
storage pointed to by p is returned to free
store and p is now undefined (Dangle
Pointer)
Example
int* p = new int;
*p = 10; 8
Memory leak is a serious bug!

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Problem with Arrays
 Sometimes
 Amount of data cannot be predicted beforehand
 Number of data items keeps changing during program execution
 Example: Seach for an element in an array of N elements
 One solution: find the maximum possible value of N and allocate
an array of N elements
 Wasteful of memory space, as N may be much smaller in some
executions
 Example: maximum value of N may be 10,000, but a particular
run may need to search only among 100 elements
 Using array of size 10,000 always wastes memory in most

cases

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Better Solution
 Dynamic memory allocation
 Know how much memory is needed after the program
is run
 Example: ask the user to enter from keyboard
 Dynamically allocate only the amount of memory
needed
 C++ provides functions to dynamically allocate
memory

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Array Declaration Using the "new" Operator
The new operator can also be used to
allocate a block of memory (an array) of
any data_type.
Syntax:
data_type* ptr_var = new
data_type[size_of_the_array];

Example:
int* arr = new int[5];
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Dynamically deallocating an array

dynamically deallocating the array using


delete operator
delete [] arr;

Garbage values will be displayed as the pointer will


point to some deallocated locations.
Arr pointer will be a dangle pointer.

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Dynamic Memory Allocation in C++ for Objects
 We can dynamically allocate memory for objects also. When
we create an object of a class,
 a constructor function is invoked. Constructor is a member
function of a class that is used to initialize the object.
 Also, when the object goes out of scope or gets de-
allocated, a destructor function is invoked. Destructor is also
a class member function that helps in knowing when the
object's memory gets deleted.

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Dynamic Memory Allocation in C++ for Objects

class Animal
{
public:
Animal() {
cout << "Animal class constructor invoked!" <<endl; }
~Animal() {
cout << "Animal class destructor invoked!" <<endl; }
};

int main() {
// memory allocated for dog object of type Animal
// constructor will be invoked
Animal* dog = new Animal;
// memory deallocated for dog object of type Animal
// destructor will be invoked
delete dog;
return 0; } 15

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