Scribd
Upload
21 views

Week10 1

Uploaded by

mf2744805
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views

Week10 1

Uploaded by

mf2744805
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Electromagnetism

Week10
Electromagnetism
Branch of physics deals with magnetic effect of moving charges
Magnetism
The branch of physics which deals with the behavior and properties of
magnetic material is called magnetism
Note*
Electric Current generates magnetic field
Likewise, changing magnetic field produces electric current
Magnetic Field due to Current in
Long straight wire
• In 1982 Hans Oersted experimentally observed that
“When a current flows through a wire a magnetic field is produced
around it”
Magnitude of magnetic field is directly proportional to the current
flowing through wire
Magnitude of magnetic field is inversely proportional to the distance
from the wire
Magnetic Field due to Current in
Long Straight Wire
Experiment
Magnetic Field due to Current in
Long Straight Wire
• Result
A magnetic field is setup in the region surrounding a current carrying
wire
Line of force are circular and their direction depends upon the direction
of current
Magnetic field lasts only as long as current flows through wire
Direction of Magnetic filed

• Can be found by right hand rule


• If the wire is grasped in the fist of right hand with the thumb pointing
in the direction of current, the finger of the hand will circle the wire in
the direction of magnetic field
Force on a current carrying
conductor in uniform magnetic field
As magnetic field is produced around a current carrying wire
If such a wire or conductor is placed in an external magnetic field
Magnetic field of conductor will interact with external magnetic field
As a result conductor will experience a force
Force on a current carrying
conductor in uniform magnetic field
Force on a current carrying
conductor in uniform magnetic field
• In the previous arrangement copper rod moves on the pair of copper
rails
• Whole arrangement is placed between the poles of horseshoe
magnet
• Magnetic field of horseshoe is directed upward
• When the current passes through copper rod, due to the interaction
of magnetic field of rod and external magnetic field, rod moves on
rails in particular direction
• This force experienced by the rod due to interaction of two magnetic
fields is called Magnetic force
Force on a current carrying
conductor in uniform magnetic field
Magnetic force depends on following factors
1. It is directly proportional to sin α

Where α is angle between conductor and magnetic field


If the rod is parallel to the magnetic field then force will be minimum (zero)
If the rod is at right angle to the magnetic field then force will be maximum
2. It is directly proportional to current flowing through conductor

It means greater the current greater the force


Force on a current carrying
conductor in uniform magnetic field
3. It is directly proportional to the length of conductor

4. It is directly proportional to the strength of applied magnetic field

Greater the field, greater the force


Force on a current carrying
conductor in uniform magnetic field
• By combining all factors we get

In S.I unit value of K=1 so equation becomes

In vector form

Direction of Magnetic Force can be found out by right hand rule


Magnetic Field Strength or Magnetic
Induction
Magnetic force acting on the one meter length of conductor
placed at right angle to the magnetic field when a current
of one ampere passing through it is called magnetic induction
Unit of magnetic induction
The S.I unit of magnetic induction is Tesla (T)
Magnetic Field Strength or Magnetic
Induction
• Magnitude of magnetic force on current carrying inductor is

So

• If I=1A , L=1m and and F=1N


Magnetic Field Conventions
• Two conventions to represent magnetic field
• Magnetic field directed out of paper is donated by dots

• Magnetic field directed into the plan of paper is donated by cross


Important of note
• Two parallel wires carrying current in opposite direction will repel
each other

• Two parallel wires carrying current in same direction will attract each
other
Magnetic Flux
Number of magnetic field lines passing through a certain surface placed
at any angle in the field is called magnetic flux
Or
Scalar or dot product of magnetic field strength and vector area is
called magnetic flux
Magnetic Flux
• Magnetic field of strength B, and a surface of area A is shown
• Angle between B and A is ϴ
Magnetic Flux
Maximum Flux
If the vector area is parallel to magnetic field then the angle between
them will be zero ϴ=0
So
Magnetic Flux
Minimum Flux
If the vector area is perpendicular to magnetic field then the angle between
them will be zero ϴ=90
So

SI unit of magnetic flux is Tm2which is called weber (Wb)


Magnetic Flux Density
Flux density is given as magnetic flus per unit are
As magnetic flux is

So flux density is

S.I unit of Flux density is Tesla or Weber m-2


B=

You might also like