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Chapter 8

Automotive Electrical System

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48 views11 pages

Chapter 8

Automotive Electrical System

Uploaded by

Sathistrnpc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 8

CHASIS ELECTRICAL SYSTEM


Lighting system
External lights
Vehicle lighting systems are very important, particularly where road safety is
concerned. If headlights were suddenly to fail at night and at high speed, the
result could be catastrophic

Regulations exist relating to


external lights, the following
is a simplified interpretation
and amalgamation of current
regulations

Seven (7) external lights for automobile:


1. Sidelights
2. Rear lights
3. Brake lights
4. Reversing lights
5. Day running lights
6. Rear fog lights
7. Front spot and fog lights
headlight reflectors
 Reflectors used for headlights are usually parabolic, bifocal or homifocal.
 Lenses, which are also used as the headlight cover glass, are used to
direct the light to the side of the road and in a downward direction.
 A reflector is basically a layer of silver, chrome or aluminium deposited
on a smooth and polished

 A good headlight should have a powerful far-reaching central


beam, around which the light is distributed

parabolic reflector and bifocal


reflector.
Lighting circuits
 Simple lighting circuit. While this representation
helps to demonstrate the way in which a lighting
circuit operates, it is not now used in this simple
form.
 The circuit does, however, help to show in a simple
way how various lights in and around the vehicle
operate with respect to each other.
 For example, fog lights can be wired to work only
when the sidelights are on.
 Another example is how the headlights cannot be
operated without the sidelights first being switched
on
Gas discharge and LED lighting

 Gas discharge headlamps (GDL) are now being fitted to vehicles.


 They have the potential to provide more effective illumination and new
design possibilities for the front of a vehicle.
 The conflict between aerodynamic styling and suitable lighting positions is
an economy/safety tradeoff, which is undesirable.
 The new headlamps make a significant contribution towards improving this
situation because they can be relatively small. The GDL

Operating principle of a gas


Ballast system to control a GDL
discharge bulb
Lamp Headlamp
 This operates in a very different way from  The design of the headlamp is broadly similar
conventional incandescent bulbs. to conventional units.

 However, in order to meet the limits set for


Ballast system
 This contains an ignition and control unit dazzle, a more accurate finish is needed,
and converts the electrical system voltage hence more production costs are involved.
into the operating voltage required by the The source of light in the gas discharge lamp
lamp. is an electric arc, and the actual discharge
 It controls the ignition stage and run up as bulb is only about 10 mm across.
well as regulating during continuous use
 Two electrodes extend into the bulb, which is
and finally monitors operation as a safety
aspect made from quartz glass. The gap between
these electrodes is 4 mm.

 The distance between the end of the


electrode and the bulb contact surface is 25
mm – this corresponds to the dimensions of
the standardized H1 bulb.
LED lighting
 Light emitting diode (LED) displays were first
produced commercially in 1968. Almost from this
 The advantages of LED lighting are clear, the
time there has been speculation as to possible
vehicle applications. greatest being reliability.
 LEDs have a typical rated life of over 50 000
 Such LEDs have certainly found applications in hours, compared with just a few thousand for
the interior vehicle, particularly in dashboard incandescent lamps.
 The environment in which vehicle lights have
displays.
to survive is hostile to say the least. Extreme
 However, until recently, legislation has prevented variations in temperature and humidity as well
the use of LEDs for exterior lighting. as serious shocks and vibration have to be
endured.
 A simple change in the legislative language from
‘incandescent lamp’ to ‘light source’, has at last
made it possible to use lighting devices other
than filament bulbs

Light units with LEDs


Auxiliaries
WINDSCREEN WASHERS AND WIPERS

Functional requirements
 The requirements of the wiper system are simple. The windscreen must
be clean enough to provide suitable visibility at all times. To do this, the
wiper system must meet the following requirements.
 Efficient removal of water and snow. Efficient removal of dirt. Operate at
temperatures from 30 to 80 ° C.
 Pass the stall and snow load test. Service life in the region of 1500 000
wipe cycles. Resistant to corrosion from acid, alkali and ozone.
Wiper blades
The wiper blades are made of a rubber compound
and are held on to the screen by a spring in the
wiper arm. The aerodynamic properties of the
wiper blades have become increasingly important
due to the design of the vehicle as different air currents
flow on and around the screen area.
WIPER BLADES AND WIPER LINKAGE IN AUTOMOBILE SYSTEM
•The wiper blades are made of a rubber compound and are held on to the screen by
a spring in the wiper arm.
•Wiper linkages consist of series or parallel mechanisms. Some older types use a
flexible rack and wheel boxes similar to the operating mechanism of many sunroofs
Wiper linkage have two connection series and parallel
MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED WIPER.

• A computer program can then be used to control the


motors.
• The inputs to the program are from the driver’s
switch, the motor limit switches and the motor
armature revolution counters
• Fully programmed operation in this way will allow
more sophisticated facilities to be used if required.
• A slight delay in the start and reverse point of each
motor can be used to reduce high current draw.
• The solution to this is to utilize a normal park limit
switch as the datum and to count the revolutions of
the motor armature to imply distance moved

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