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Analog Filters

Analog Filter College Notes

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38 views9 pages

Analog Filters

Analog Filter College Notes

Uploaded by

yash.blue20000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

This experiment enables a student to learn


•Basics of filter designs and different types of filter designing techniques.
• Draw the frequency response of the designed filter

Fundamental conceptual theory and virtual simulator Reference

http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/dsp/exp8/index.html#
Algorithm

1. Get the passband and stopband ripples


2. Get the passband and stopband edge frequencies
3. Get the sampling frequency
4. Calculate the order and cut-off frequency of the proposed filter
5. Find the filter transfer function coefficients
6. Draw the magnitude and phase response
MATLAB functions
1. buttord

Syntax [n,Wn] = buttord(Wp,Ws,Rp,Rs)


Description
calculates the minimum order of a digital or analog Butterworth filter required to meet a set of filter design
specifications.

Parameters Description
Wp Passband corner frequency
Ws Stopband corner frequency
Rp Passband ripple, in decibels
Rs Stopband attenuation, in decibels
n the lowest order the proposed Butterworth filter
Wn corresponding cut-off frequency
2. butter
Syntax
[b,a] = butter(n,Wn)
[b,a] = butter(n,Wn,'ftype’)
[b,a] = butter(n,Wn,'s’)

Description
Designs lowpass, bandpass, highpass, and bandstop digital and analog Butterworth filters. Butterworth filters
are characterized by a magnitude response that is maximally flat in the passband and monotonic overall.
1. Program for the design of Butterworth analog low pass filter
clc; clear all; close all;
format long;
wp=input('Please enter the first pass band frequency (Hz): ');
ws=input('Please enter the first stop band frequency (Hz): ');
rp=input('Please enter the pass band ripple: ');
rs=input('Please enter the stop band ripple: ');
fs=input('Please enter the sampling frequency: (Hz)');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn)
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m);
ylim([-300 50]);
ylabel('gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);plot(om/pi,an);
ylabel('Phase in Radian');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
Frequency response of the designed filter
2. Program for the design of Butterworth High pass filter
clc; clear all; close all;
format long;
wp=input('Please enter the first pass band frequency (Hz): ');
ws=input('Please enter the first stop band frequency (Hz): ');
rp=input('Please enter the pass band ripple: ');
rs=input('Please enter the stop band ripple: ');
fs=input('Please enter the sampling frequency: (Hz)');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m);
ylim([-300 50]);
ylabel('gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);plot(om/pi,an); ylabel('Phase in Radian’); xlabel('Normalised frequency');
Frequency response of the designed filter
Practice Problems

1. Write a program for the design of Butterworth band pass filter.


2. Write a program for the design of Butterworth stop pass filter.
3. Write a program for the design of Chebyshev type-1 low pass filter.
4. Write a program for the design of Chebyshev type-1 High pass filter

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