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Open Channel Wastewater Flow Measurement

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8 views11 pages

Open Channel Wastewater Flow Measurement

Uploaded by

bhaibandhonibethak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPEN CHANNEL

WASTEWATER FLOW
MEASUREMENT
SAHIL PATEL 210130117038
BHATT RUDRA 210130117041
KUSUM LOHAR 210130117042
PRIYANK VAGADIYA 210130117044
INTRODUCTION

• Definition
Open channel flow refers to the flow of water or other fluids in an open conduit, such
as rivers, streams, canals, ditches, and partially filled pipes. In open channel flow, the fluid is
free to interact with the atmosphere, and the flow is typically driven by the force of gravity.

• Importance of accurate wastewater flow measurement


accurate wastewater flow measurement is essential for designing, operating, and
managing wastewater treatment systems effectively. It ensures compliance with regulations,
protects the environment, supports efficient resource allocation, and contributes to the overall
sustainability of wastewater management practices.
TYPES OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

• Steady Flow vs. Unsteady Flow:


• Steady Flow: In steady flow, the characteristics of the flow (velocity,
depth, and discharge) do not change with time at a particular location.
The flow parameters remain constant over time.
• Unsteady Flow: Unsteady flow occurs when the flow parameters vary
with time at a specific location. The velocity, depth, and discharge
change over time, indicating dynamic conditions.
CHALLENGES IN WASTEWATER FLOW
MEASUREMENT
• Variability in Flow Characteristics:
Wastewater flow rates can vary widely throughout the day and
across seasons. Peaks and troughs in flow can occur due to factors such
as industrial discharges, stormwater events, and residential water use
patterns.
• Presence of Solids and Debris:
Wastewater can contain solids and debris, such as grit, sand,
and suspended particles, which can interfere with flow measurement
devices.
CHALLENGES IN WASTEWATER FLOW
MEASUREMENT
• Seasonal and Climate-Related Variations:
Seasonal variations, temperature changes, and weather
conditions (such as heavy rainfall) can significantly impact wastewater
flow rates. These variations can pose challenges in accurately predicting
and managing flow within the wastewater system.
• Cost Constraints:
Implementing and maintaining accurate flow measurement
systems can be expensive. Municipalities and wastewater treatment
facilities may face budget constraints that limit their ability to invest in
state-of-the-art flow measurement technology.
COMMON METHODS OF OPEN CHANNEL
FLOW MEASUREMENT
Several methods are commonly used to measure open channel flow, each suited to
different conditions and requirements. Here are some of the common methods:
• Weirs:
• Description: Weirs are structures placed across a channel to create a flow constriction.
The flow rate is determined by measuring the water level upstream of the weir.
• Types: Sharp-crested weirs (such as rectangular weirs and V-notch weirs) and broad-
crested weirs.
• Advantages: Simple and cost-effective. Suitable for a wide range of flow rates.

• Flumes:
• Description: Flumes are specially shaped channels that cause a flow constriction. Like
weirs, flow rate is determined by measuring the water level upstream of the flume.
COMMON METHODS OF OPEN CHANNEL
FLOW MEASUREMENT
• Types: Parshall flumes, H-type flumes, and other custom-designed flumes.
• Advantages: Can provide accurate measurements across a range of flow rates.
Some flumes are self-cleaning.

• Ventiuri Flume:
• Description: Combines elements of both a flume and a venturi meter to measure flow. It
consists of a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section.
• Advantages: Provides accurate flow measurement and is less sensitive to changes in
approach conditions.
CASE STUDIES
 The term weir is used to describe any structure that can determine the
volume of flow of water from its measurements.
Weirs are barriers placed in the flow of water,
designed to alter its flow characteristics.
 The purpose of a weir is to prevent flooding,
measure discharge and to assist in rivers
becoming navigable by the alteration of flow
characteristics. Weirs that cause a large change
in water level before and after the weir give a
more accurate flow rate reading in comparison
to those that have a smaller change. Weirs are not only used for
measuring the flow rate of a water body, weirs can be used as structures
for the general public, such as bridges.
CASE STUDIES
V-notch weirs are used to measure small discharge values. They are preferable to rectangular
weirs
as the head above the weir crest is more sensitive to changes in flow in the v-notch weir. In a
laboratory environment, v-notch weirs have an accuracy of between 2 – 5%, as opposed to 15%
(‘Weir’, 2014)

Advantages :

• A weir system is reasonably low cost.


• The system is adjustable as required and able to be transported from one
point to another.
• It is reasonably easy to set up a weir system to calculate the flow of a fluid
without causing
• significant disruption to the flow.
CASE STUDIES

Limitations :
• The weir system can only be used for open channel flow and does not take viscosity into
account.
• The accuracy can be affected by the approach velocity.
• A high head is required. This is especially the case for free flow
conditions which in turn
limits use.
THANK YOU…!!!

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