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EE-433 (Unit 4)

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Abhinav Paliwal
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12 views

EE-433 (Unit 4)

Uploaded by

Abhinav Paliwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real time systems are found in process control and automation.

Real-Time systems are becoming pervasive. Typical examples of real-time systems


include Air Traffic Control Systems, Networked Multimedia Systems, Command
Control Systems etc. In a Real-Time System the correctness of the system behavior
depends not only on the logical results of the computations, but also on the
physical instant at which these results are produced.
Real-Time systems are classified from a number of viewpoints i.e. on factors
outside the computer system and factors inside the computer system.
Real-Time systems span several domains of computer science. They are defense and space
systems, networked multimedia systems, embedded automative electronics etc. In a real-
time system the correctness of the system behavior depends not only the logical results of
the computations, but also on the physical instant at which these results are produced. A
real-time system changes its state as a function of physical time, e.g., a chemical reaction
continues to change its state even after its controlling computer system has stopped. Based
on this a real-time system can be decomposed into a set of subsystems i.e., the controlled
object, the real-time computer system and the human operator.
Commands and Control systems, Air traffic control systems are examples for hard real-time
systems. On-line transaction systems, airline reservation systems are soft real-time systems.
Real time control:
Real-world signals and physical phenomena are signals like temperature, strain,
vibration etc which are measured and controlled.
Characteristics of Real-time Systems
Real-time System is a system that is put through real time which means response is obtained
within a specified timing constraint or system meets the specified deadline. Real time system
is of two types – Hard and Soft. Both are used in different cases. Hard real time systems are
used where even the delay of some nano or micro seconds are not allowed. Soft real time
systems provide some relaxation in time expression.
Characteristics of Real-time System:
Following are the some of the characteristics of Real-time System:

Time Constraints:
Time constraints related with real-time systems simply means that time interval allotted for
the response of the ongoing program. This deadline means that the task should be completed
within this time interval. Real-time system is responsible for the completion of all tasks within
their time intervals.
Correctness:
Correctness is one of the prominent part of real-time systems. Real-time systems produce
correct result within the given time interval. If the result is not obtained within the given time
interval then also result is not considered correct. In real-time systems, correctness of result is
to obtain correct result in time constraint.
Embedded:
All the real-time systems are embedded now-a-days. Embedded system means that
combination of hardware and software designed for a specific purpose. Real-time systems
collect the data from the environment and passes to other components of the system for
processing.
Safety:
Safety is necessary for any system but real-time systems provide critical safety. Real-time
systems also can perform for a long time without failures. It also recovers very soon
when failure occurs in the system and it does not cause any harm to the data and
information.
Concurrency:
Real-time systems are concurrent that means it can respond to a several number of
processes at a time. There are several different tasks going on within the system and it
responds accordingly to every task in short intervals. This makes the real-time systems
concurrent systems.
Distributed:
In various real-time systems, all the components of the systems are connected in a
distributed way. The real-time systems are connected in such a way that different
components are at different geographical locations. Thus all the operations of real-time
systems are operated in distributed ways.
Stability:
Even when the load is very heavy, real-time systems respond in the time constraint i.e.
real-time systems does not delay the result of tasks even when there are several task
going on a same time. This brings the stability in real-time systems.

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