Past perfect |

tense
The notion of
the past perfect
tense
The past perfect tense is used to
describe an action that happened and
was completed before another action in
the past. In other words, it is used to
describe an event that happened before
EG:
a specific time in the past.
I had finished my homework before I went to bed
 the structure of
the past perfect
tense

Affirmative sentence

“ My mother had
S + had + V3 gone out when the
+ O. shipper delivered
to her ”
 the structure of
the past perfect
tense

https://www.NegativeSentence.vn.

S + had not (hadn’t) +

V3 + O.
EG
: “I hadn’t finished my homework just
before the deadline last Thursday.”
 the structure of
the past perfect
tense

Yes/No question

Had (not) + S + “Had the film ended

V3 + O? when you arrived at
the cinema?”
 the structure of
the past perfect
tense
WH - QUESTION
AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCE
NEGATIVE SENTENCE

Wh + had + S + V3 YES/NO QUESTION

+ O? WH - QUESTION

EG
“What had you
done before the
power outage?”
 Markers of the past
perfect tense
• Using keywords as
clues:
before, after, until, by the time, when by, for, as soon
as, by the end of + time in past,...

• Based on the position of conjunctions:

 Compare and contrast the past perfect
tense and the simple past tense

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

TENSE TENSE
• Structure: • Structure:

S + had + V3 S + V-ed
• Application: + O • Application: + O
• Expresses an action that was • It is often used to talk about a
completed before another specific period of time in the
action in the past. past.
• Indicates an ongoing action in • It describes a sequence of
the past that continued up to a events in the past, or an event
certain point in the past. that continued for a period of
 Several examples
1.She had finished her homework before she went out
with her friends.
2.They hadn't seen each other for years when they
met again at the reunion.
3.Had you finished your homework before you went
out?
4.Had you ever been to Japan before your trip last
year?
5.When had you started learning English?
 MINI GAME
• When I arrived at the party, everyone ________
hađ (leave).
hađ
• She ____________ (study) English for fiveleft
years before
studied
she moved to London.
had not
• They _________________ (not/ finish) their project by the
deadline.finished
hađ
• By the time I got home, my mother _____________ (cook)
dinner. cooked
hađ never
• He ________________ (never/ be) to Paris before his trip
been
last year.
SUMMARIZE
1 The notion of the past perfect
tense
2 The structure of the past perfect
tense
3 Markers of the past perfect tense
Compare and contrast the past perfect
4 tense and the simple past tense
5 Several examples

6 Mini game
Grammar
past
perfect
A. Which action happened first?
Write 1 (first) or 2 (second) after
each of the verbs.
When the father turned back
(2) ,
Levan had disappeared
(1) .

Zookeepers rescued(2) Levan from

the enclosure. He had broken
(1)
several bones.
B Look at the sentences in 3a again. Complete
the rule with the words in the box.

simple/ perfect/
participle
• We use the past perfect to make it
clear that something happened before a
past simple action.
• We form the past perfect with had + past
participle
 C. Read Jambo’s Story again and underline
three examples of the past perfect.

1.“People had always thought that gorillas were dangerous

animals.”
2. “Journalists had named the gorilla Jambo the Gentle
Giant.”
3. “A large crowd of people had come to see what was happening.”
D. NOW GO TO GRAMMAR
FOCUS 12A ON P. 166.
 E. look at the vowels in bold in the past
practices in the box. Put the words in the
correct column in the table. Then listen and
check.
/ / /ɔː/
ɪ/
drunk ɒ/
brough chose
become, bought,
t caught,n flown,
swum, won caught, stolen, thrown
thought
 G. What kinds of problems do
you think animals caused?
Problems 1-5

1.Mosquito
2.Cat
3.Spider/bee/wasp
4.Dog/cat
5.Spider/mouse/gorilla/large
dog( pretty much anything!)
 H. Complete
sentences 1-5 in 3g
using because + past
perfect.
1. I had a red and itchy spot on my skin because a mosquito
had bitten me while I was sleeping.
2. I found a dead mouse on the kitchen floor because my cat
had caught it last night.
3. I suddenly felt a pain in my arm because a bee had stung
me while I was gardening.
4.There was hair all over my new coat because my dog had
jumped on it.
5. She screamed because a spider had crawled on her face.
I. HAVE YOU EVER HAD
ANY BAD EXPERIENCES
WITH ANIMALS? WHAT
HAPPENED?
Yes, I have. When I was a kid, I was playing in
the backyard when a bee stung me. I was so
scared because I was allergic to bee stings. My
face turned red and I started to swell up. I had
to go to the hospital.
GRAMMAR
Reported speech
 A. LOOK AT THESE EXAMPLES OF REPORTED SPEECH FROM THE
STORIES. WHAT DID THE PEOPLE ACTUALLY SAY? MATCH 1-7
1.I said that she could ride one of the horses.
WITH A-G.
2.I told my mum that my sister had tried to ride a cow and i had saved her.
3.My brother said thet he wasn’t feeling very well.
4.I told my brother that i was going to make grass soup.
5.I told him that i had drunk some.
6.My dad told them that he was very proud of my sister.
7.I said that i had just finished reading the books.
a. (3) i’m not felling very well.
b. (6) i’m very proud of your sister.
c. (4) i’m going to make grass soup.
d. (1) you can ride one of the horse.
e. (2) she tried to ride a cow and i saved her.
f. (7) i’ve just finished reading these books
g. (5) i’ve drunk some.
B. Look at the highlighted verbs in 2a.
How do the verbs change when we
report what someone said in the past?
Complete the rules.

present simple -> past

simple
present continuous -> past
continuous
present perfect -> past
perfect
past simple -> past
perfect
am/is/are going to -> was/were going
to
can -> could
C. Look at the reported
speech in 2a again.
Complete the sentences
with said orr told.

1. I told him that I had drunk

some.
2. I said that I had drunk some.
D. GRAMMAR
FOCUS 12B
 A. Choose the correct option in the
reported speech on the right
1.“I can swim 12 km.” → He said he could swim 12 km.
2. “He’s not going to go to the party.” → She said he wasn’t going to go to the
party.
3. “We’ll call you when we get there.” → They said they would call him when
they got there.
4. “I saw Jim steal the laptop.” → They said they’d seen him steal the laptop.
5. “I’ll go and get the car from the garage.” →She said she’ll go and get the car
from the garage.
6. “We like flying.” → We told them that we liked flying.
7. “You can come to the party.” → They said we could come to the party.
8. “I have been to Melbourne a few times.” → I said I had been to Melbourne a
few times.
B . C O M P L E T E T H E R E P O RT E D S E N T E N C E S
WITH THE CORRECT PRONOUNS AND
PROSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES,
1.“I don’t want to see you tonight.”→ She told me she didn’t want to see me
tonight
2.“All of my friends are going to the cinema.”→ He said all of his friends were
going to the cinema.
3.“You can’t go out until you finish your homework.”→ He told us we couldn’t
go out until we finished our homework.
4.“i left my book on the train”→ She told me she had left her book on the
train.
5.“You’ll coat; you didn’t wear your coat.”→ I said they would catch colds if
they didn’t wear their coats.
6.“You can’t tell me what I can and can’t do!”→ I told my parents they
couldn’t tell me what I could and couldn’t do.
E . L I S T E N T O H O W T H AT I S
P R O N O U N C E D I N T H E F O L LO W I N G
T W O E XC H A N G E S . W H AT
D I F F E R E N C E D O YO U N O T I C E ? D O
YO U T H I N K T H E Y B O T H H AV E T H E
1.That= strong
SAME MEANING? form: refers to the previous
sentence, so it is stressed and has a clear
vowel.
2.That= weak from: a function word, so the vowel
is unstressed
 A. Complete the text with the past
perfect form of the verbs in
brackets.
Staff at a supermarket were surprised to find a tiger in their shop on
Monday morning. TheHad tiger 1 (go) into the supermarket
because it was hungry.
Had goneIt Hadn’t
2 (break) the door to get in, but
the alarm broken Had
3 (not go) off because gone
the shop manager
Had4 (forget) to turn it on. The forgetten
tiger Had5 (make) a
terrible mess in the shop.Had
made It 6 (find) the meat section, and
found
it 7 (eat) aeaten
lot of the meat from the fridges. The police gave
the tiger some more Had
meat with a drug in it.
When the tiger finished Had meat, it
8 (finish) eating the drugged
fell asleep. Then the police took the tiger back to the Hadescaped
zoo. The tiger
9 (escape) from the zoo the previous night left after a zoo worker
 B. Match the sentence halves.
F
1.When she turned on the TV, ...
E ...
2.Yesterday, I found some old pictures
3.When I checked my emails after my B
holiday, ... A
4.By the time I started my meal, ... D
5.The flat was dark when we Cgot home ...
6.hey didn’t know what to do ...

a. everybody else had already finished.

b. I saw that I’d received over 200!
c. because they hadn’t listened to the
instructions.
d. because we’d forgotten to leave the light
on.
 C Complete the sentences with one past simple and
one past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1.Nobody came (come) to the meeting because Jed had forgotten (forget) to send the
arrived
invitations has broken
2..Sofia hadn’t (arrive)
gone late because her bus were (break) down.
hadn’t
3.My parents asked
(not go) to Rome before, so they (be)
donefound
really excited. had sad
4.Fred was hadn’t
(not do) his homework when the teacher (ask) for it.
5.Byhad
thenever
time flown
I felt
(find) the website, had
they (sell) all the tickets.
6.TheHad the game (be) very messy because I got
kitchen (not have) time to
finished
clean up.
7.I (never fly) before, so I (feel) very nervous.
8. (the match / finish) when you (get) there?
Thank you for
watching (❁
´◡`❁)