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GLOBAL MIGRATION
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Another term for global migration is INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION .

This type of migration occurs when people cross state boundaries
and stay in a host state for a certain amount of time. People migrate
(move) across the globe, either voluntarily or involuntarily (forced).
With the latter, the movement is not of the person’s own will, where
people may be forced to migrate from conflict or natural disaster.
This freedom of movement is a protected human right.
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MIGRANT
A migrant is a person who is moving from one place to
another. Someone may be considered a migrant
regardless of a person’s legal status, the cause of
migration (voluntary or involuntary), or how long they
intend to stay.
ASYLUMz SEEKER:

•this is a person who is applying for asylum. Usually, asylum seekers have had to flee
their home countries and cannot return due to fear of persecution, or even death. An
asylum seeker searches for international protection, however, the claim for refugee
status has not yet (and may not at all) been granted.

REFUGEE :

• A refugee describes someone who is leaving a country (or fleeing), due to things like
conflict or natural disaster, or other forms of persecution. Legally speaking, a refugee
is an asylum seeker whose claim for asylum has been successful, meaning they are
granted refugee status in a new country to live there permanently

ECONOMIC MIGRANT:

•a person who has voluntarily left their country of origin to seek, by legal or illegal
means, employment in another country.
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TYPES OF MIGRATION
Although migration always involves the movement
of a person from one place to another, there can
be many reasons for this movement and many
different ways it can occur. This gives rise to
different types of migration:
 zLABOUR MIGRATION

Labor migration is the movement of individuals from one country to

another for work, or in response to recruitment drives. High-skilled
labor migration is a type of migration most demanded by host
countries looking to attract highly skilled workers. In most cases,
countries seek highly skilled workers in certain occupations when
there is a shortage. This type of migration is not as common
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FORCED MIGRATION

Forced migration may occur when people are forced to flee their
home country due to conflict or political repression (refugees
and asylum seekers). Forced migration can also happen due to
natural disasters, limited food production and water insecurity,
(often exacerbated by climate change). Human trafficking is also
characterized by forced migration.
INTERNATIONAL
z RETIREMENT
MIGRATION (IRM)

Retired people may have the financial power to buy properties

abroad, which can be either a first or a second home. These
people put a lot of pressure on urbanization and the mass
construction of housing, significantly in coastal and rural
areas. This type of migration can also include people leaving
their job and moving to a rural location in another country.
These people may telework or set up a business.
 INTERNAL
z MIGRATION

Separately to international and global migration, this type

of migration involves a person moving from one area to
another within the same country, such as from the north
of England to the south of England. No international
borders are crossed. This type of migration crosses over
with ‘Rural-Urban’ migration, or ‘Counter-Urbanization.
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WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?

International migration can have so-

called ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors:
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PUSH FACTORS - are based upon the country of
origin. These are factors which may cause the
migrants to have the desire to move.

PULL FACTORS - are based upon the intended

destination of the migrant (the host country).
These are factors that attract people to a new
place.
 Pushz Factors :

• Wars, conflict, political instability, and economic crisis

•Ethnic and religious persecution
• Natural and man-made disasters, such as earthquakes
• Poverty
• Unemployment, low wages and poor working conditions
• Shortages of food, water, or healthcare
• Limited opportunities
 PULL
z FACTORS

• Better quality of life and standard of living

• Varied employment opportunities, higher wages
• Better healthcare and access to education services• Political
stability, more freedom

• Better life prospects

• For retirees; a range of services to cater to their needs, or

environmental characteristics, such as the coast.
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Benefits and
detriments for the
sending countries
 ADVANTAGE OF MIGRATION
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(FOR HOST COUNTRY)
JOB VACANCIES CAN BE FILLED-Migration can have several benefits for the host
country. It has the potential to fill job vacancies and develop skills gaps within the
workforce, improve business productivity, and boost national productivity.
INCREASE ECONOMIC GROWTH-The economic benefits of migration to the host
country of low-skilled laborer’s often outweighs the risks and cost to the host. In some
cases, it can even be said that immigrants are a vital part of the cultural fabric of many
countries

CAN BENEFIT LOCATION WHERE MOST OF THE POPULATION IS OLD – When an

economy begins to stagnate, fewer young people move into the area. This has a
significant detrimental impact on services like healthcare and education that rely on a
stable population. One solution is for migrants to migrate from their country of origin to the
host country. As they are younger, they bring with them new ideas and skills that can help
invigorate the economy.
ADDITIONAL SOURCES FOR TAX FOR THE HOST COUNTRY -Some countries are
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experiencing a demographic crisis as the number of people in the country shrinks and the
number of people able to work shrinks. However, this population decline can be used to their
advantage by accepting immigrants from other countries. The pension gap can be filled by the
contributions of new young workers, and they also pay taxes.

NEW INNOVATIONS AND – Researchers who have studied immigrants in the United States
say that their presence has resulted in a positive impact on society. They contribute to economic
growth and make up for some of the skills that the native-born population lacks. Immigrants are
also thought to be bringing new ideas and innovations, which is important since so many of
today’s jobs require specialized knowledge. Many companies instead of hiring American
workers would prefer to hire foreign-born individuals because they can be hired more quickly
and offer more value than their local counterparts

FAVOURABLE ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACT-In terms of economic development,

migration has been shown to have a long-term positive impact. This is because immigrants
bring skills and knowledge that may not be easily obtained or duplicated in the local population.
In terms of cultural diversity, migrants contribute much to their countries social fabric and
identity as they integrate with other culture groups within their host country.
DISADVANTAGE OF MIGRATION
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(FOR HOST COUNTRY)

DEPRESSION OF WAGES -One of the major disadvantages to migration can be too

much competition for jobs. In some cases, those who migrate may need to take on a
lower paying job than they had in their homeland to maintain their standard of living.
Additionally, with more people migrating, there is an increased cost of goods and
services, causing wages to decrease. This is true also when immigrants have a higher
education level and are willing to work for less pay.

COMPONIES MAY NEGLET EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAM-With globalization

and economic pressure on wages, more workers have been willing to move from their
countries of origin. Yet, this has led to a decline in worker productivity and
development as companies can get away with paying “low” wages because they are
able to save money by using migrant workers.
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 CAN LEAD TO EXPLOITATION-Migration can be

dangerous and can have a negative impact on the
economy. While some migrants can find a decent job and
earn a living for themselves, others may end up being
exploited in the process. It is important for migrants to
protect their rights because they may be taken advantage
of due to language barriers or by placing their trust in
people who do not want them to succeed.
 THE
z PROBLEM OF
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
 Human trafficking happens in almost every country around the
world, including the United States. Traffickers represent every
social, ethnic, and racial group. Various organizational types
exist in trafficking, including large nationwide gangs and
criminal organizations, local street and motorcycle gangs, and
individuals with no affiliation with any one group or
organization.
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• Recruiting, enticing, harboring, transporting, providing,

obtaining, and/or maintaining a minor for the purpose of
commercial sexual exploitation.
• Exploiting a minor through prostitution.
• Exploiting a minor through survival sex (exchanging
sex/sexual acts for money or something of value, such as
shelter, food, or drugs).
• Exploiting a minor through sex tourism.
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• Exploiting a minor by having her or him perform in sexual

venues (e.g., peep shows, strip clubs).
• Exploiting a minor through forced labor, including
involuntary domestic servitude (e.g., nanny, maid).
• Exploiting a minor through bonded labor or debt bondage.
• Exploiting a minor through forced child labor (e.g.,
sweatshop workers, janitors, restaurant workers, fishery
workers, hotel and tourist industry workers, beggars).
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GLOBAL INTEGRATION
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 Global integration refers to the process of connecting
and integrating national markets on a global scale. It
involves the significant impact of one national market
on other national markets, leading to the need for
global strategies that address multiple markets
simultaneously. Global integration can be achieved
through various mechanisms such as vertical control,
standardization of organizational procedures,
performance management, and socialization
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Tracing the digital transformation of Chinese

industries: A digital talent perspective
An analysis of digital talent flows and
development trends in China leads to identifying
the future opportunities that lie within.
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Innovative cities and city clusters in the era of digital

economy: A talent perspective

This first-of-its-kind report analyzes digital talent

through the lens of employment, skills, and the flow
of digital talent.
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Closing the gender gap by hiring more women in emerging

science and technology jobs

Understanding the jobs that can shape the future and how
the changing world of work could affect women – is critical to
closing the gender gaps.
Globalz economic Integration

 People, companies, and economies are more

integrated and interconnected than ever before.
This helps facilitate connections, which leads to
specialization, innovation, and economic
progress. Through these connections,
economies benefit from the knowledge and
experience of others, and learn how to replicate
or adapt ideas for their own needs.
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