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CH 2 Collection of Data 1

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30 views31 pages

CH 2 Collection of Data 1

Uploaded by

Janani Sathasivam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OBJECTIVES OF

PRESENTION
⮚ TO ENLARGE THE VIEW OF
STUDENTS.
⮚ TO DEVELOP STATISTICAL
SKILL IN THE STUDENT.
⮚ TO ENABLE THE STUDENTS TO
COLLECT DATA FROM
VARIOUS SOURSES AND
VARIOUS TYPES.
Data
Types of Data (Any entire needs a
comprehensive support of Numerical facts , called data)

Primary Secondary
Data Data
Meaning of Primary Data

Primary Data- Primary data are those data which


are originally collected in the process of
investigation.
Meaning of Secondary Data

Secondary Data-secondary data are those data which are


already collected by others, is not collected by the
investigator himself/herself.
Primary Data & Secondary Data
⚫ Primary data are ⚫ Secondary data are
original because these already existence and
are collected by a therefore ,are not
investigator from the original
source of their origin ⚫ Secondary data have
⚫ Primary data are already been collected
always related to for some other
specific objectiveof purpose.therefore
the investigatorand no these data need to be
any adjustment adjusted to suit the
required in data. objective of study in
⚫ Primary data are hand.
costlier in terms of ⚫ Secondary data are
time ,money and much less expensive
efforts Involved then
the secondary data
Mode of collecting Basic Data
1- Direct Personal Investigation.
2- Indirect Oral Investigation.
3-Telephone Interview.
4- Information from Local Correspondent.
5- Questionnaire Method.
Direct Personal Investigation

Under this method investigator directly contacts


personally to informants and collects information.
Telephone Interview-.
In this method investigator asked questions to
informants over the telephone.
Questionnaire Method
Under this method an investigator uses a questioner for
collecting data.
Pilot Survey
Pilot survey is strategy to check the
effectiveness of questionnaire. It
helps investigator by provide a
primarily idea about the survey.
Methods of Data
Collection
Methods of Data Collection

Census Sample Method


Method
Meaning Of Census Method
It is method of collecting data in which every unit of the
universe is investigated nothing is left out, then
conclusion is drawn.

Some merits of Census Methods are :


(i) Results based on census method are accurate and
highly reliable. (ii) Results based on census method are
less biased. It is because of the absence of
investigator’s discretion regarding the selection of
sample items. (iii) Extensive Information can be
collected. Like age and sex composition, education,
status etc.
Demerits of census method:
⚫(i)It is a costly Method : census method is very costly
and is ,therefore generally not used for ordinary
investigation.
⚫ (ii) Large manpower required (enumerator ) : census
method requires large manpower .
⚫(iii) Not suitable for Large Investigation. : If the
universe comprises a large number of items ,then it
may not be possible to cover each and every item.
Meaning Of Sample Method
It is that method in which all units of the
universe are not investigated only few
units are included in investigation then
conclusion is drawn about the universe.

Some merits of Sample Method are :


(i) It is a economical method because only
some units of the population are
Studied.(ii) It is a time saving method
(iii) This method is more feasible for
Large Investigation.
(ii).
Demerit of Sample Method
⚫ (i) If the selected sample not represent the
whole universe then result may end up with
wrong conclusion.
⚫ (ii) It is a biased method : The investigator ‘s
bias in the selection of the sample is not
ruled out.
⚫ (iii) Sometimes the universe may be so
diverse that it becomes difficult to frame a
sample.
⚫ (iv) It is not very easy to select a sample
which would represent the characteristics of
the entire population.
Types of Sampling

Random Non-Random
Sampling Sampling
Meaning of Random sampling
It is that method in which each item of the universe
equal chance of being selected in the sample. There are
two technique which are used under this method.
I- Lottery Method
II- Tables of Random Numbers
Meaning of Non-Random
sampling
In a non –random sampling method all units of the
population do not have equal chance of being selected
in the sample.
Statistical Errors

Sampling Non-
Errors Sampling
Errors
Meaning of Sampling Errors-Sampling
errors occur in an investigation due to sampling
techniques adopted.

Meaning of Non-Sampling Errors-


Non- Sampling errors those all errors which are not
related with sample selection process like measurement
error, non response error, arithmetic error, biases etc.
Sources of Secondary Data

Sources of Secondary
Data

Published Unpublished
Sources of Secondary Data-
There are two main sources of secondary data
A- Published Sources
1- Government Publications : Annual Survey of
Industries, Report on Currency and Banking,
Labour Gazette ,Reserve Bank of India
Bulletin . Etc.

2-Semi Government Publications : Municipalities


and Metropolitan Councils publish data
relating education , health, births and Deaths
etc.
3- Reports on Committees and
Commissions : Finance Commission ,
Monopolies commission, planning
commission are some of the notable
commission in India .
4 -Publications of Trade Association :
Some of the Big trade association like
Sugar Mill Association, publishes
information regarding sugar mills in
India.
5- Publications of Research Institutions : various
universities and Research Institutions like Indian
Statistical Institution , National Council of
Applied economics Research Publish a variety
of statistical data as a regular feature.

6- Journals and Papers Many Newspapers such as


“ The Economic Times” as well as Magazines such
as Commerce , Fact for you are the example of
secondary Data.
7- Publications of Research Scholars

8- International Publications :
UNO,IMF, World Bank, ILO also
publish a lot of statistical Information
.

B- Unpublished Sources- Intelligence


Reports and others secrete reports.
Sources of Secondary Data in
India
Important Sources of
Secondary Data

Census of NSSO
India
Census of India & NSSO
⚫ Census of India : Census of India decennial ⚫ Reports and publications of
publication of the Govt. Of India. It is NSSO is another important
published by Registrar General & Census source of secondary data in
Commissioner,India, India .
⚫ NSSO is a Govt. Organisation
⚫ It includes statistical under the Ministry of Statistics
and Programme Implementation
information on the following .
Parameters: ⚫ Report and Publication of
NSSO offers statistical
⚫ (i) Size,growth rate and distribution of Information of the
population in India following parameters of
⚫ (ii) Population Projection economic changes:
⚫ (iii) Density of population
⚫ (iv) Sex composition of population (v) State ⚫ (i) Land and Livestock Holdings.
of Literacy. ⚫ (ii) Housing Conditions and
migration with special emphasis
on Slum Dwellers. (iii)
Employment and Unemployment
Status of India.(iv) Consumer
Expenditure in India (v0 Source
of household income in India.
Assignment Work
1- Differentiate between primary and secondary data.
2- Explain personal investigation method of data
collection.
3-What are the published sources of secondary data ?
4- Which are two main source are secondary data in
India?
Prepared By : Subhash
Chand PGT Economics
J.N.V. Dungrin
Hamirpur H.P
THANK
YOU

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