Name of Department : NURSING

Course Code and Name : ISF205E STATISTICS

Course Week : 4Th WEEK
Course Day and Time : MONDAYS 12:00-15:00
Course Credit/ACTS
Information : 3 CREDITS 6ACTS
Examination Type and Gradings : 50% Midterm and Final
Instructor’s Name & Surname : Asst.Prof. Eda Merve KURTULUŞ
E-mail & Phone: : emkurtulus@gelişim.edu.tr -402
Instructor’s Room : 014
Office Hours : Fridays 9-11:00
GBS Link : https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/ders-plani-5-51-1
ALMS Link : https://lms.gelisim.edu.tr/Account/LoginBefore
AVESIS Link : https://avesis.gelisim.edu.tr/emkurtulus
 | 14 WEEKS’S COURSE CONTENTS |

1. Introduction to statistics 8. Probability Distributions, Normal

Distrubution
2. Statistical concepts and the
9. Confidence Intervals and Sampling
regulation of data Methods
3. Descriptive Statistics 10. Cut off and Interval Estimation
4. Measures of central tendencies 11. Comparison of means Comparison of
ratios
5. Measures of central distribution
12. Hypothesis testing
6. Probability
13. Correlation and Regression
7. Problem solving and Quiz 14. Ki-square Testing
 | DAILY FLOW |

Cut off-
Significancy

12.00-12.50/ 1st Hour Mean Normal Distribution

13.00-13.50/ 2nd Hour Std Deviation

14.00-14.50/ 3rd Hour Median Probablity

Std deviation

Mean, Median etc

Causation
 | ABOUT THE PREVIOUS COURSE |
• Last week we learned about
QUIZ the types of studies

• Starting from the 3rd Week

• I will be uploading quizes in
ALMS
• And going to solve the
questions
1.Arithmetic Mean

• Themean or arithmetic
mean is the "average« of the
sum.
•which is obtained by;
adding all the values in a
sample or population
 and dividing them by the
number of values.
6
Weighted Mean

• Each item being averaged is multiplied

by a number (weight) based on the
item’s relative importance.
• The result is summed and the total is
divided by the sum of the weights.
Weighted averages are used extensively
in descriptive statisticcal analysis such as
index numbers.
• Wi is the weighted ratio or frequency of
the data
 Lessons Mathematics Chemistry Biology Physics Language

Credits 6 4 2 5 3

Grade 54 50 54 51 67

• Find the mean of the notes

• Find the weighted mean
• Which one should be used
decide

c) Weighted
 Geometric Mean
• In a setting, when the growth in the
number of something per area is
examined over time.
• Or contamination
• G.O =
• The number does not change by the
same amount from one period to the
next, but the change is proportional to
the initial geometric mean is used.
• Another way of saying this is that the
growth is multiplicative, not additive.
• Geometric mean is the nth root of the
product of the values for n
observations
 • G.0=
• =
Example • =0,212

• In a set
• The incease in the 1st day is 0,8
• For the second day the increase is by : 0,10
• And for 3rd : 0,12.
• What is the average increase rate?
 Harmonic Mean
• Harmonic mean is another measure
of central tendency
• Like arithmetic mean and geometric
mean, harmonic mean is also useful
for quantitative data.
• The harmonic mean can be
expressed as the reciprocal of the
arithmetic mean of the reciprocals
of the given set of observations
• Or quotient of the “number of the
given values” and the“sum of the ("Reciprocal" just means
(1/ value )
reciprocals of the given values”.
A driver has traveled 200 km road in 2 hours and
returned in 4 hours. Calculate the average speed
Example
of the driver on this journey?
 Example
A driver has traveled 200
km road in 2 hours and
returned in 4 hours.
Calculate the average
speed of the driver on
this journey?
400 / 6 = 66.67
km/s
• In a two-session test with total
of 80 questions
• A student answers 60
questions in the first 50
minutes in the first session
• responses 20 questions in 30
minutes
• What is the average time
spend on the each questions?
Another Example
• In a study analyzing the speed of
different internet service
providers (ISPs), the download
speeds (in Mbps) of five ISPs are
measured as follows: 50, 60, 80,
100, and 120 Mbps. Calculate
the harmonic mean of these
download speeds and explain
why it might be more
appropriate than the arithmetic
mean for analyzing internet
speeds."
Descriptive Statistics

Central Tendencies Dispersion

Mean, Quartiles
Median Percentage
Mode, Range
Variance
Standart Deviation
 2. MEDIAN
• The median is a simple
measure of central tendency.
• To find the median, we
arrange the observations in
order from smallest to largest • The MEDIAN is the number that
value. is in the middle of a set of data
.

• 1. Arrange the numbers in the

set in order from least to
greatest.

• 2. Then find the number that is

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

In between 8TH and 9th IN THE RAW

85 86 86 86 89 90
 63 73 84 86 88 95 97 97 100

The median is 88.

Half the numbers are Half the numbers are

less than the median. greater than the median.

63 73 84 88 95 97 97 100

88 + 95 = 183

183 ÷ 2 The median is

91.5
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

160 160 165 170,1 170,1 175 178 178 178 180 181 183 185 186 187 190

Grouped Data

160-165 3
170-175 3
176-180 4
181-185 3
186-190 3
Finding the Median in a Grouped Data
• L= Class of medians lower boundry
•L + . İ • N=Total frequency
• F= Total frequency above the box
• i= Class interval size
• f= Frequence in box
Cummulative Frequency

2
5
13
16
18
 Cummulative Frequency

2
5 (F)
L= 13
16
18 L+ .İ

= 10
Group Xi frequenciei Cummulative • Median : 340/2 = 170th
Frequency • L= Class of medians lower
boundry
0-10 (İ) 5 3 3
• N=Total frequency
10-20 15 12 15
(İ)
• F= Total frequency above the
20-30 25 35 50 box
30-40 35 45 95 (F) • i= Class interval size
40-50 45 110 (f) 205 • F= Frequence in box
(L)
50-60 55 45 250
60-70
70-80
65
75
35
30
285
315
• 40 + . 10
80-90 85 15 330 • = = 46,81
90-100 95 10 340
Total 340
 Descritive Biostatistics

Central Tendencies Dispersion

Mean, Range
Median Variance
Mode, Standart Deviation
Quartiles
Percentage
 • The mode of a set of data
Mode values is the value that appears
most often. It is the value x at
• The mode is a statistical term that which its probability mass
refers to the most frequently function takes its maximum
occurring number found in a set value. In other words, it is the
of numbers. value that is most likely to be
• The mode is found by collecting sampled.
and organizing data in order to
count the frequency of each
result. The result with the highest
number of occurrences is the
mode of the set.
 Measures of Central Tendencies - Mode

Example 1: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 8. Mode = 7
Example 2: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 8, 8.
Mode = 7, Polymodal
8
Example 3: 1,2,3,1,1,6,5,4,1,4,4,3 -> 1 has the highest
frequency (f=4)
Mode is 1 (not 4 )
The mode is not the frequency of the mo
frequent score but the value
Finding the Mode in Grouped Data
Mode = L + . h

L: Mode’s class
𝝙 1 =Mod class frequency – previously
class’s frequency

𝝙 Mod class frequency –

Next class frequency
2=
 Finding the Mode in Grouped Data
Groups Xi
f
i
Mode = L + . h 0-10 (0+10)/2 =5 3

𝝙 1 = Mod class frequency – previously

L: Lower boundary of the box 10-20 15 12

class’s frequency
20-30 25 35

Mod class frequency – Next

30-40 35 45

𝝙
class frequency
2=
40-50 45 110

• Mode = L + . h 50-60 55 45

60-70 65 35

70-80 75 30
• 40+ . 10
80-90 85 15

90-100 95 10
• Mode = 45
Toplam 340
 Hints

700
Chart Title
• If the number of repetitions
600
of each observation is the
500
same, there is no mode in
400
that data set.
300 • Distributions with a single
200 value with the highest
100 number are called a unimode
0
A
B
C
 Hints

• If we 2 candidates It is then • If there are more than one

called bimodial. modes in the examined series;
• series is needed to be checked
Bimodial Şirketi Departmanları İşçi Sayısı
700
• If the series is homogeneous,
600 changing the class widths and
500
redoing the reclassification is
needed.
400

300

200

100
• Thus, the mode value becomes
0
A
single so.
B
C
D
E
F
Descritive Biostatistics
Central Tendencies Dispersion
Mean Quartiles
Median Percentage
Mode Variance
Standart Deviation
 Quartiles
Measures of central tendencyQ is equal to the 25th percentile
1
that divide a group of data
into spesific subgroups Q is located at 50th percentile and equals
2
the median
• Q1: 25% of the data set is
below the first quartile Q3 is equal to the 75th percentile

• Q2: 50% of the data set is Quartile values are not necessarily
below the second quartile members of the data set
• Q3: 75% of the data set is Q1 Q2 Q3
below the third quartile
25% 25% 25% 25%
| QUESTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS |
 | RECOMMENDED WEEKLY STUDIES |

NEXT WEEK BRING YOUR NOTES AND PENS AND PENCILS

YOU HAVE QUIZ
 | REFERENCES |

1. Agresti, A. (2018). Statistical methods for the social sciences (5th ed.).
2. Pearson.Field, A. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.).
SAGE Publications.

3. Triola, M. F. (2020). Elementary statistics (13th ed.). Pearson.

4. De Veaux, R. D., Velleman, P. F., & Bock, D. E. (2021). Introductory statistics (5th ed.).
Pearson.Ross, S. M. (2020).

5. Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.). Academic
Press.Moore,
6. D. S., McCabe, G. P., Alwan, L. C., & Craig, B. A. (2017). The practice of statistics for
business and economics (4th ed.). W. H. Freeman.
 | ABOUT THE NEXT WEEK |

NEXT WEEK BRING YOUR NOTES AND PENS AND PENCILS

YOU HAVE QUIZ
«Peace at home, peace in the world."