Demography Lec 1. Introduction To Demography
Demography Lec 1. Introduction To Demography
Dr. Um-e-Habiba
Assistant Professor UIPH
Learning Objectives:
To study:
Introduction to population dynamics
Key features of populations
Factors affecting population growth
Population Dynamics
Population:
• 1. DEMOS - People
• 2. GRAPHO - To write
GRUNT
Population Dynamics
Demography:
• "Demography is the
statistical description and
analysis of human
population". - WRONG
• Demography is the "statistical and
mathematical study of the size,
composition and spatial distribution
of human populations, and of the
changes over time, in these aspects
through the operation of the five
processes of fertility, mortality,
marriage, migration and social
mobility" - BOGUE
CONCEPT & SCOPE
•Density
•Dispersion
Growth Rate:
Birth Rate (natality) - Death Rate (mortality)
+
+ -
Natality Population Mortality
-
Emigration
Population Change=
(Natality+Immigration)-
(Mortality+Emigration
• A balancing equation of
population change in time that
involves the relationship between
birth, death and migration is as
follows.
• P1 = P0 + (B - D) + (I - O):
• where, P1 & P0 : Population at the
ending & beginning point.
• B = # of Births in a period.
• D = # of Deaths in a period.
• I = # of In - migrants.
• O = # 0f Out - migrants
Three Key Features of Populations
2. Density: measurement of
population per unit area or unit
volume
Formula: Dp= N
S
Pop. Density = # of individuals ÷ unit of space
4 Factors that affect density
1. Immigration-
2. Emigration-
4. Density-independent factors-
Abiotic factors in the environment that
affect populations regardless of their
density
Ex. temperature
storms
habitat destruction
drought
Three Key Features of Populations
3. Dispersion:
3. Dispersion:
Three types of dispersion:
• clumped
• even or uniform
• random
clumped
even
(uniform)
random
Population Dispersion
Other factors that affect population
growth
Amount of food
Temperature
Limiting Factor- Zone of Tolerance
None Few Few None
organisms organisms
present present
Many
organisms
present
Factors Affecting Population Size
Fig.
Fig. 9-3
9-3
Types of Population Change curves