Scribd
Upload
12 views51 pages

Demography Lec 1. Introduction To Demography

public health lecture1

Uploaded by

Muhammad Asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views51 pages

Demography Lec 1. Introduction To Demography

public health lecture1

Uploaded by

Muhammad Asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 51

Population Dynamics

Dr. Um-e-Habiba
Assistant Professor UIPH
Learning Objectives:
To study:
Introduction to population dynamics
Key features of populations
Factors affecting population growth
Population Dynamics

Population:

All the individuals of a species that


live together in an area.
ETYMOLOGY

• 1. DEMOS - People

• 2. GRAPHO - To write

• The word was coined by JOHN

GRUNT
Population Dynamics

Demography:

The statistical study of populations,


make predictions about how a
population will change.
DEFINITION

• Demography is the "study of


human populations in relation to
the changes brought about by
the interplay of births, deaths,
and migration" PRESSAT
DEFINITION

• "Demography is the
statistical description and
analysis of human
population". - WRONG
• Demography is the "statistical and
mathematical study of the size,
composition and spatial distribution
of human populations, and of the
changes over time, in these aspects
through the operation of the five
processes of fertility, mortality,
marriage, migration and social
mobility" - BOGUE
CONCEPT & SCOPE

• Demography is the branch of


social size, structure, which deals
with the study of size, structure
and distribution of populations,
along with the spatial and temporal
changes in them in response to
birth, migration, ageing and death.
DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS : (Eg)

• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)


• General Fertility Rate (GFR)
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
• Life expectancy (LE)
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
• Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
• Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)
SCOPE OF DEMOGRAPHY

• Demography is the science of population.

In it's most general meaning, a


population is a set of people who live in a
specific land area : a commune, a district,
a country or a continent, etc.
SCOPE OF DEMOGRAPHY

• A formal demography is concerned

with the size, distribution, structure and


changes of population
Population Dynamics

Three Key Features of Populations


•Size

•Density

•Dispersion

• (clumped, even/uniform, random)


Three Key Features of Populations

1. Size: number of individuals in an


area
CHANGE

• Is the increase or decrease


of the total population or of
the one of it's structural
units.
NARROW SCOPE

• Population is constantly changing


over time.

• The components of change in a


population are births, deaths
and migration.
• Thus one generation will be
replaced by another younger
generation by birth and death
process.

• This is a natural change or


demographic reproduction.
BROADER SCOPE
• The broader scope of demographic
reproduction includes migration. It
means the movement of people from
place to place.

• Migration has great influence on


population change.
• Within a country or an area, this
movement does not affect the total
size of the population.

• It changes the structure of the


population and area as well as the
living conditions of immigrants and
out-migrants.
• This process may also influence the
behavior of the inhabitants, especially
out migrants.

• Migrations have great influence on


population change.
Three Key Features of Populations

Growth Rate:
Birth Rate (natality) - Death Rate (mortality)

How many individuals are born vs. how


many die
Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r).
Four Factors affecting
Population size?

How do populations increase or


decrease?
Immigration:
movement of
individuals of a
species into a
country or an area
Emigration:
movement of
individuals of a
species out of a
country or area
Natality – birth rate
Mortality- death rate
Factors That Affect Future
Population Growth
Immigration

+
+ -
Natality Population Mortality

-
Emigration
Population Change=
(Natality+Immigration)-
(Mortality+Emigration
• A balancing equation of
population change in time that
involves the relationship between
birth, death and migration is as
follows.
• P1 = P0 + (B - D) + (I - O):
• where, P1 & P0 : Population at the
ending & beginning point.
• B = # of Births in a period.
• D = # of Deaths in a period.
• I = # of In - migrants.
• O = # 0f Out - migrants
Three Key Features of Populations

2. Density: measurement of
population per unit area or unit
volume
Formula: Dp= N
S
Pop. Density = # of individuals ÷ unit of space
4 Factors that affect density

1. Immigration-

Movement of individuals into a


population
4 Factors that affect density

2. Emigration-

Movement of individuals out of a


population
4 Factors that affect density

3. Density-dependent factors- Biotic


factors in the environment that have an
increasing effect as population size
increases
Ex. disease
competition
parasites
4 Factors that affect density

4. Density-independent factors-
Abiotic factors in the environment that
affect populations regardless of their
density
Ex. temperature
storms
habitat destruction
drought
Three Key Features of Populations

3. Dispersion:

Describes their spacing relative to


each other
Three Key Features of Populations

3. Dispersion:
Three types of dispersion:
• clumped
• even or uniform
• random
clumped

even
(uniform)

random
Population Dispersion
Other factors that affect population
growth

Limiting factor- any biotic or


abiotic factor that restricts the
existence of organisms in a
specific environment.
 EX.- Amount of water

Amount of food
Temperature
Limiting Factor- Zone of Tolerance
None Few Few None
organisms organisms
present present
Many
organisms
present
Factors Affecting Population Size

Fig.
Fig. 9-3
9-3
Types of Population Change curves

Stable- fluctuates above and below the carrying


capacity

Irruptive- a stable population which on


occasion will explode or irrupt
Types of Population Change curves

Cyclic- cyclical fluctuations over a defined


period of time

Irregular- no order the fluctuations- chaos


Natural Population Curves
THANK YOU

You might also like