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ICT09-Operating system

ICT SLIDES

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views16 pages

ICT09-Operating system

ICT SLIDES

Uploaded by

Ayesha Farooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application of ICT

GE-203

Department of Information Technology, Govt. Graduate College of Commerce, Nowshehra Vikran, Gujranwala
Agenda for Today
• What is an operating
system?
• Single-user systems
• Batch systems
• Multiprogrammed
systems
• Time-Sharing systems
• Real-Time systems
• Distributed systems
• Clustered systems
• Embedded Systems
What is an Operating
System?
 A program that acts as
an
bridg
e intermediary between a user
of a
computer and the
 Operating
computer system
hardwar
goals:
 Execute user programs and
e.
make
solving user problems
easier
 Make the computer
system
convenient to
use
 Use the computer
hardware in an
efficient
manner

2.3
Components of a Computer System
Components of a Computer System
Single User Systems
 Personal – computersystem dedicatedto
single user
computers a
 Interactive
 User convenience and
responsiveness. .
Single User Systems
single
 Individuals usually have sole use of computer
and do not
need advanced protection features.
 May run several different types of operating
systems e.g.
 Windows
 Mac OS
 UNIX
 Linux
Batch Systems(used till 1951)
 Does not interact with computers directly
 Operator takes all the jobs and group similar jobs into
batch
 Operator takes job as input, process it on CPU and
gives the result to the user
 Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers
 control from one are
Various mediums job to another. all the next processes are not
used
When the run
performed time
and inputfor
it waits is that run
e.g. required
time input.

 Punch cards
 Paper
tapes
Multiprogrammed Systems
 Several jobs are kept in main memory at the same
time, and
the CPU is multiplexed among them.

When the run time input is


required it skips that process
and performs the next process
but the disadvantage is that if a
process comes which require
a lot of time it performs that
process that's
why all the other processes need
to wait for the processor to
perform them.
Time-Sharing Systems
 An interactive system with multiprogramming
 A job is swapped in and out of memory to the disk if
needed.
 On-line file systemmust be available for
users to access data and code.

In this system all the processes


are given a fixed time that's
why all the processes don't
need to wait for one process to
be completed by the processor.
Real-Time Systems
 Well-defined fixed-time
constraints.
 Often used as a control device in a dedicated
application such as controlling scientific
experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial
control systems, and some display systems.
 Real-Time systems may be either hard or soft real-
time.
Real-Time Systems
Output should be produced
 Hard real-time within the given time
constraints but if it is not, the
systems: result is life threatening.
 Secondary storage limited or absent, data stored in
short term
memory, or read-only memory
(ROM)
 No virtual memory—time cannot be “wasted” on
translation of
logical to physical addresses
 OS code structured for efficiency
 Plane landing systems, process control in nuclear
power
plants, respirators,
etc.
Real-Time Systems
 Soft real-time
systems:
 Output should be produced within the given time
constraints
but if it is not, the result is not life
threatening
 Useful in applications (multimedia, virtual
reality) requiring
advanced operating-system
features.
Distributed Systems (simulations)
 Runs on multiplecomputers connected
over a them
allowing network,
to work .
together
 It coordinates and manages these computers to
efficiently share resources like processing power,
storage, and communication, creating a seamless
and integrated computing environment.
University of Sydney

DISADVANTAGES
1. privacy issues
2.data can be
public
3.data can
contain virus
Clustered Systems 1.no issue of
security
2.expensive
system
 Distributed OS and Clustered OS
are
improve both performance,
system designed to availability,
utilizatio and resource
n.
 Clustered systems are designed
operating for high
computer They
availability andaim balancing
to provideredundancy
within a andlocal
load
s. failoverapplications,
capabilities for critical cluster of typically within
a single
data center or
location.
 The scope of a distributed OS extends across a
wide area
network (WAN) or even the internet, connecting
nodes that
can be located far apart geographically. While,
clustered OS
operates within a localized cluster of ofte
computers, n
located in close physical proximity within a data
center.
Embedded Systems
 Anembedded operating system is
a specialized type of
operating
These system
systems are designed to run oncomputer
small, dedicated embedded
systems built systems.
 into variou devices and product to contro specifi
s s l c
These systems can be found
functions or perform dedicated in a wide range of
applications,
tasks.
 from consume electronic and automotiv system t
r s e s o
industrial machines and medical .
devices

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