An introductory
presentation
GENETIC
BASIC
CONCEPTS
An introductory
presentation
Chromosomes
,
DNA & Genes
Learning
Define keywords
Points
Describe the Explain the
such as nucleus, levels of difference
chromosome, organization between the two
DNA and gene. from the nucleus sex chromosome
to a gene. pairs.
Cell
Cell
A cell is the smallest
unit of an organism and
cells are known as the
building blocks of life.
Most human cell types
contain a nucleus.
Nucleus
Chromoso
me
Nucleus
The nucleus control the
cell, but it is also where
genetic information is
stored. The nucleus
contains structures
called chromosomes.
Chromosomes are made
Nucleus
of DNA.
Chromoso
me
Chromoso
me is
Each chromosome
made up of a single
molecule of DNA. The
cross shape we
associate with
chromosomes arises
DNA when the DNA copies
itself, coils and
condenses for cell
division (mitosis).
Gene
DNA &
genes
DNA (deoxyribose
nucleic acid) carries the
genetic information of a
living being. A section
of DNA is known as a
gene. Genes contain
DNA the code for the
production of a
particular protein
within a cell.
Structure
of genes
• Promoter: controls gene expression through
interaction with other molecules.
• Introns: contain important regulatory
information, but do not contain protein-
coding information.
• Exons: ‘coding sequence’, as they contain the
Locating a
gene
The images show the levels of
organization from the nucleus
to a chromosome, DNA and
finally a gene.
23 Pairs
Each human body cell
contains 46
chromosome (23
pairs). The pairs carry
the same types of
genes.
People with specific
conditions and
syndromes may have an
extra chromosome.
XX and Female
XYpair of
The 23rd XX
chromosomes are
known as the sex
chromosomes. In
females, the
chromosome pair are
identical and known as Male XY
XX. In males, the
chromosome pair are
different and known as
XY.
The end of the
presentation
Chromosomes
,
DNA & Genes
