MARPOL
BY
C/E NARESH SHARMA
Introduction
Marpol 73 / 78 Contains
six annexes
ANNEX 1 –Regulation for the
prevention of pollution by oil
ANNEX II - Regulations for the
control of pollution by Noxious
Liquid Substances in Bulk
ANNEX III- Regulations for the
prevention of pollution by Harmful
substances in packaged forms
MARPOL 73 / 78
ANNEX IV –Prevention of pollution
by Sewage from ships
ANNEX V - Prevention of pollution
by Garbage
ANNEX VI- Prevention of pollution
of Air by ships
ANNEX 1:
REGULATION FOR THE
PREVENTION OF
POLLUTION BY OIL
CONTROL OF DISCHARGE OF OIL FROM
CARGO AREA OF OIL TANKERS
Discharge of oil is prohibited except
when all the following conditions are
satisfied.
The tanker is not in special areas.
The tanker is more than 50 nm
from the nearest land
The tanker is proceeding en route
The instantaneous rate of discharge
of oil content does not exceed 30
litres per nautical mile
CONTROL OF DISCHARGE OF OIL
The total quantity of oil discharged into the
sea does not exceed for existing tankers
1/15,000 of the total quantity of the
particular cargo of which the residue formed
a part and for new tankers 1/30,000 of the
total quantity of the particular cargo of
which the residue formed a part
The tanker has in operation an oil
discharge monitoring and control
system and a slop tank arrangement as
required by regulation 29 and 31 of this
annex
Cow manual
Every oil tanker operating with crude
oil washing systems shall be
provided with an operation and
equipment manual detailing the
system and equipment and
specifying operating procedures.
CONTROL OF DISCHARGE OF
OIL MACHINERY SPACES
From a ship of 400 tons grt and
above other than an oil tanker and
from machinery space bilges
excluding cargo pump-room
bilges of an oil tanker unless
mixed with oil cargo residue.
Discharges outside special areas
The ship is proceeding en route
The oil content of the effluent without
dilution does not exceed 15ppm and
Oily mixture is processed through an
oil filtering equipment.
Oily mixture does not originate from
cargo pumproom bilges on oil tankers
Oily mixture is not mixed with oil
cargo residues.
Discharges in special areas
The ship is proceeding enroute
Oily mixture is processed through an oil
filtering equipment meeting the
requirements of regulation 14.7 of this
annex
Oil content of the efflunt without dilution
does not exceed 15 ppm
Oily mixture does not originate from cargo
pump room bilges and not mixed with
cargo oil residues.
Antarctic area
Discharge into the sea of oily
mixtures from any ship is prohibited.
Oil filtering equipment
Any ship of 400 gross tonnage and above
but less than 10,000grt shall be fitted with
oil filtering equipment complying with the
following.
Oil filtering equipment shall be of a design
Approved by the administration and shall
be such as will ensure that any oily
mixture discharged into the sea after
passing through the system has an oil
content not exceeding 15ppm.
Oil filtering equipment contd
Any ship of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and
above shall be fitted with oil filtering
equipment complying with the following.
Oil filtering equipment shall be of a design
Approved by the administration and shall
be such as will ensure that any oily
mixture discharged into the sea after
passing through the system has an oil
content not exceeding 15ppm.
In addition it shall be provided with alarm
arrangements to indicate when this level
cannot be maintained
Regulation 10 -Methods for the prevention of
oil pollution from ships operating in special
areas
For the purpose of this annex, special
areas are
The Mediterranean Sea area,
The Baltic Sea area,
The Red sea area
The Gulfs
The gulf of Aden
The Antarctic area
The North-West European waters
Gulf of Oman
Oil discharge monitoring and control
system
An oil discharge monitoring and control
system approved by the administration
shall be fitted. In considering the design of
the oil content meter to be incorporated in
the system, the administration shall have
regard to the specification recommended
by the organization.
The system shall be fitted with a recording
device to provide a continuous record of
the discharge in litres per nautical mile
and total quantity discharged or the oil
content and rate of discharge
ODME RECORD
ODME records will contain
1. Date and time
2. Total quantity of oil discharged
3. Flow rate
4. Instantaneous rate of discharge
5. Ships speed
6. PPM
7. Whether overboard valve open or
close
ODME
This record shall be identifiable as to
time and date and shall be kept for
at least three years.
HOW DOES THE ODME
WORK
ODME WORKS ON THE FOLLOWING
FORMULA
Instantaneous rate of discharge =
ppm x Flow rate
----------------------
ship’s speed x 1000
ODME
The oil discharge monitoring and
control system shall come into
operation when there is any
discharge of effluent into the sea and
shall be such as to ensure that any
discharge of oily mixture is
automatically stopped when the
instantaneous rate of discharge
exceeds as permitted.
Any failure of the ODME shall
stop the discharge and noted in
the oil record book.
A MANUALLY OPERATED ALTERNATIVE
METHOD SHALL BE PROVIDED AND
MAY BE USED IN THE EVENT OF SUCH
FAILURE, BUT THE DEFECTIVE UNIT
SHALL BE OPERABLE AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE.
THE PORT STATE AUTHORITY MAY
ALLOW THE TANKER TO UNDERTAKE
ONE BALLAST VOYAGE BEFORE
PROCEEDING TO THE REPAIR PORT
Oil Record Book
Every oil tanker of 150grt and above
and every ship of 400 grt and above
other than an oil tanker shall be
provided with an oil record part 1
(Machinery space operations). Every
oil tanker of 150grt and above shall
also be provided with an Oil record
book Part II (cargo/ ballast
operations). The oil record book shall
be in the form specified
Entries in oil record book Part I
Shall be completed on each occasion on a
tank –to tank basis if appropriate.
For machinery spaces
Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks
Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water
from oil fuel tanks
Collection and Disposal of oily residues
Discharge overboard or disposal otherwise
of bilge water which has accumulated in
machinery spaces
Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil
Entries in oil record book Part I
Any failure of the oil filtering equipment shall
be recorded in the oil record book part I.
Each operation shall be fully recorded
without delay in the oil record book Part I, so
that all entries in the book appropriate to
that operation are completed.
Each completed operation shall be signed by
the officer in charge and each completed
page shall be signed by the master.
Entries in Part II of Oil Record book
Loading of oil cargo
Internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage
Unloading of oil cargo
Ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean
ballast tank
Cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing
Discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast
tanks
Discharge of ballast water from slop tanks
Closing of all applicable valves or similar devices
after slop tank discharge operations
Closing of valves necessary for isolation of
dedicated clean ballast tanks from cargo and
stripping lines after slop discharge operations
Disposal of residues
Oil record book
The competent authority of the
government of a party to the
convention may inspect the oil
record book while the ship is in port
or offshore terminal and may make a
copy of the entry in that book and
may require the master of the ship to
certify that the copy is a true copy of
such entry.
Copy of Oil record book
Any copy so made which has been
certified by the master of a ship as a
true copy of an entry in the ship’s
ORB shall be admissible in any
judicial proceedings as evidence of
the facts stated in the entry.
Validity of Oil record book
The ORB shall be kept in such a place
as to be readily available for
inspection and at all reasonable
times and shall be kept on board the
ship.
It shall be preserved for a period of
three years after the last date of
entry.
Shipboard oil pollution
Emergency plan (SOPEP)
Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross
tonnage and above and every ship other
than oil tanker of 400grt and above shall
carry onboard a shipboard oil pollution
emergency plan approved by the
administration.
Such a plan shall be written in the
working language of the master and
officers.
SOPEP
The plan shall consist of at least
the procedures to be followed by the master or
other persons having charge of the ship to
report an oil pollution incident
The list of authorities or persons to be contacted
in the event of an oil pollution incident
A detailed description of the action to be taken
immediately by persons on board to reduce or
control the discharge of oil following the
incident
The procedures and point of contact on the ship
co-coordinating shipboard action with national
and local authorities in combating the pollution
SMPEP
In case of ships to which
regulation 16 of annex II also
apply, such a plan may be
combined with the Shipboard
Marine Pollution Emergency
Plan (SMPEP) for noxious liquid.
Annex III
Regulations for the Prevention of
pollution of harmful substances
carried by sea in Packaged form
Regulation 1: Application
Unless expressly provided otherwise,
the regulations of the annex apply to
al ships carrying harmful substances
in packaged form.
What are harmful substances
For the purpose of this annex,
harmful substances are those
substances which are identified as
marine pollutants in the International
Maritime dangerous Goods Code
(IMDG Code)
For the purpose of this annex,"
packaged form is defined as the
forms of containment specified for
harmful substances in the IMDG code
For the purposes of this annex, empty
packaging which have been used
previously for the carriage of harmful
substances shall themselves be treated
as harmful substances unless adequate
precautions have been taken to ensure
that they contain no residue that is
harmful to the marine environment.
The requirements of this annex do not
apply to ship’s stores and equipment
Packing
Packages shall be adequate to
minimize the hazard to the marine
environment, having regard to their
specific contents
Marking and labelling
Packages containing harmful
substances shall be durably marked
with correct technical name and shall
be durably marked or labelled to
indicate that the substance is a
marine pollutant.
Shall be supplemented by any other
means example UN number
labelling
The information on the label on
packages shall be identifiable on
packages surviving at least three
months immersion in the sea.
Packages containing small quantities
of harmful substances may be
exempted from the marking
requirements
Documentation
In all documents where such
substances are named, the correct
technical name of each such
substances are named the correct
technical name of each substance
shall be used.
The substances further identified by
the addition of the words Marine
Pollutant.
Documentation
Shipper shall include a certificate or
declaration that the shipment is properly
packed and labelled in proper condition for
carriage to min
Each ship carrying harmful substances shall
have a special list or manifest of harmful
substances onboard and the location to
minimise the hazard to marine environment.
Copies of such documents shall also be
retained on shore by the owner of the ship or
his representative until the dangerous
substance is unloaded
stowage
Harmful substances shall be properly
stowed and secured so as to
minimise the hazards to the marine
environment without impairing safety
of the ship and persons onboard.
Exceptions
Jettisoning of harmful substances carried in
packaged form shall be prohibited, except
where necessary for the purpose of securing
the safety of the ship or saving life at sea.
Appropriate measures based on the physical,
chemical and biological properties of harmful
substances shall be taken to regulate the
washing of leakages overboard, provided
that compliance with such measures would
not impair the safety of the ship or persons
Port state control on operational
requirements
A ship when in a port of another party
can be subjected to inspection by
officers duly authorized by such party
concerning operational requirements,
where there is clear grounds for
believing that the master or crew are
not familiar with essential shipboard
procedures relating to pollution due to
harmful substances.
Port state requirements
In the circumstances given in the
above paragraph the party shall take
such steps as will ensure that the
ship shall not sail until the situation
has been brought to order in
accordance with the requirements of
this annex
Annex IV
REGULATIONS FOR THE
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY
SEWAGE FROM SHIPS
Definition
Sewage means
Drainage and other wastes from any
form of toilets, urinals and WC scuppers.
Drainage from medical premises
(dispensary,etc) via wash basins, wash
tubs, and scuppers
Drainage from spaces containing living
animals
Holding tank means a tank used for the
collection and storage of sewage
Discharge of sewage
The discharge of sewage into sea is
prohibited except when,
) the ship is discharging comminuted and
disinfected sewage using a system approved
by the administration at a distance of more
than 4 nm from the nearest land or sewage
which is not comminuted or disinfected at a
distance of more than 12 nm from the nearest
land, provided that in any case the sewage
that has been stored in holding tanks shall
not be discharged instantaneously but at a
moderate rate when the ship is en-route and
proceeding at not less than 4 knots, the rate
of discharge shall be approved by the
administration.
The ship has in operation an approved
treatment plant which has been
certified by the administration to meet
the operational requirement
the test results of the plant are laid
down in the ship’s international
sewage pollution prevention certificate
The effluent shall not produce visible
floating solids in nor cause
discoloration of the surrounding water.
Exceptions
The discharge of sewage from a ship
necessary for the purpose of securing the
safety of a ship and those on board or
saving life at sea,
The discharge of sewage resulting from
damage to a ship or its equipment if all
reasonable precautions have been taken
before and after the occurrence of the
damage for the purpose of preventing or
minimizing the discharge.
ANNEX V -
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION
BY GARBAGE
DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE
OUTSIDE SPECIAL AREAS
The disposal of plastics
including synthetic ropes,
synthetic fishing nets, plastic
bags, and incinerator ashes
from plastic products which
may contain toxic or heavy
metal residues is prohibited.
the disposal of the following garbage shall
be made as follows
25 nautical miles for dunnage, lining, and
packing material which will float
12 nm for food waste, paper rags, glass,
metal, bottles, crockery and similar
refuse,
The disposal of garbage in subparagraph
b (ii) may be permitted more than 3 nm
provided it has passed through a
comminuter or grinder and capable of
passing through a screen with openings
greater than 25mm.
Special areas
the Mediterranean sea
the Baltic sea
black sea
Red sea
The Gulfs
The North sea, including English
channel
Antarctic
Wider Caribbean region
Special areas
These are areas which have
particular problems because of
heavy maritime traffic or low water
exchange caused by the land-locked
nature of the sea concerned
Disposal of garbage in special
areas
Disposal of garbage in special areas is
prohibited for
all plastic
all other garbage, including paper products,
rags, glass, metal, bottles
Food waste can be disposed as far as practical
from land but in any case not less than 12nm
from the nearest land.
Disposal into wider Caribbean region of food
wastes which have been passed through
comminuter or grinder shall be made as far as
practical from nearest land, but in any case
not less than 3nm.
Exceptions
The disposal of garbage from a ship
necessary for the purpose of
securing the safety of a ship or
saving life at sea
The escape of garbage resulting
from damage to a ship or it’s
equipment
Accidental loss of synthetic fishing
nets, provided that all reasonable
precautions have been taken to
prevent such loss.
Regulation 8-Port state control
on operational requirements
A ship when in a port of another
party can be subjected to inspection
by officers duly authorized by such
party concerning operational
requirements, where there is clear
grounds for believing that the
master or crew are not familiar with
essential shipboard procedures
relating to pollution due to garbage
Port state control on operational
requirements
In the circumstances given in the
above paragraph the party shall
take such steps as will ensure that
the ship shall not sail until the
situation has been brought to order
in accordance with the
requirements of this annex
Regulations 9
Placards, garbage management
plans and garbage record
keeping
Placards
Every ship of 12m or more in length shall
display placards which notify the crew and
passengers of the disposal requirements
The placards shall be written in the
working language of the ship’s personnel
for the ships engaged in voyages to ports
or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction
of other parties to the convention, shall
also be in English, French or Spanish.
a garbage plan
Every ship of 400 grt and above and
every ship which is certified to carry 15
persons or more shall carry a garbage
plan which the crew shall follow.
The plan shall provide written procedure
for Collecting, Storing, Processing and
disposing of garbage including the use of
equipment on board.
Garbage Record book
In addition shall carry a garbage record
book which be in the form of specified in
the appendix to this annex
The garbage record book shall be kept on
board in such a place as to be available for
inspection. This document shall be
preserved for at least two years from the
last date of entry.
In the event of discharge, escape or
accidental loss an entry shall be made in
the Garbage Record Book of the
circumstances, reason and loss.
Time taken for objects to
dissolve at sea
Paper bus ticket : 2-4 weeks
Cotton cloth : 1-5 months
Rope : 3-14 months
Woollen cloth : 1 year
Painted wood : 13 years
Tin can : 100 years
Aluminium can : 200-500 years
Plastic bottle : 450 years.
Source: Hellenic Marine Environemnt Protection
Association (HELMEPA)
