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Presentation On: Camless Engine

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10 views22 pages

Presentation On: Camless Engine

Uploaded by

raju111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTATION ON

CAMLESS ENGINE

Suchitra Mishra
Regd No.: 0801211137
B.Tech Mechanical
Engineering
CAM IN A CONVENTIONAL
IC ENGINE

 The cam is used in the internal combustion


engine to operate the valves

 Cam is the device which converts rotary motion


of camshaft to the linear motion of valves

 The valve mechanism operations consist of cam,


tappet, rocker arm, spring and valves
Valve train schematic
CAM IN A CONVENTIONAL
IC ENGINE

DISADVANTAGES

 Less volumetric efficiency , improper combustion and


ultimately detonation in Spark Ignition (SI) engine

 Reduction in output of the engine.


 Valve timing diagram at slow speed and high
speed are different, which reduces flexibility
of engine.

 Cam design need to compromise between


maximum efficiency and power.
Types of camless engines

 using Hydraulic actuators


 using Pneumatic actuators
 using Electromagnetic actuators
 using Solenoid control actuators
 using Electro-hydraulic (using
piezoelectric) actuators
Hydraulic Actuator
CASE I

When the spool valve


translates up, fluid flows
through the B port and
pressurizes the upper cavity
of the cylinder block. This
pressurization results in the
downward translation of the
piston. In turn, the engine
valve is being opened as the
piston translates down.
Hydraulic Actuator Contd…
CASE II

The opposite occurs


as the spool valve
translates down. Port
end pressurizes the
lower cavity of the
cylinder block, piston
to rise and allows the
engine valve to close.
Hydraulic Actuator Contd…

DISADVANTAGES

 Hydraulic system would not be fast


enough with it's inherent slowness due to
the inertia of the fluid flow.

 The support components would increase


weight and consume more space.
Pneumatic actuators

Pneumatic actuators were chosen after running


comparison tests among different methods. Pressurized
air was chosen due to its low mass, allowing fast
response and stability over a broad temperature range.
The researchers found that hydraulic systems had
sluggish response, especially at low temperatures. The
pressurized air was controlled by EM valves. All flow
path distances were minimized to increase the response
time of the actuator by reducing the volume of air
required for actuation. The pressurized air opened the
engine valves based on the timed electrical signal input
to the “Electromagnetic Latch”.
Pneumatic actuators Contd…

DISADVANTAGES

 A pneumatic system would have to operate


at extremely high pressures to help
overcome the time delay in building up
pressure to move the valve.

 The support components (pumps & plumbing


for pneumatic) would increase weight and
consume more space.
Electromagnetic Actuators

The camshaft of the engine is replaced by


electromagnetic actuators for opening and
closing each valve independently. The principle
of the actuators is based on an oscillating mass-
spring system with two magnetic coils holding
the valve alternatively opened and closed .The
main components are: the actuators, the Valve
Control Unit (VCU), the wiring rail and the
Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
Electromagnetic Actuators Contd…

ADVANTAGES

 Fuel consumption reduction (15-20%)

 Emissions reduction

 Drive ability improvement

 Shorter torque response time during transients


Electromagnetic Actuators Contd…

DISADVANTAGES

The support components would increase


weight and consume more space.
Piezoelectric Controlled
Hydraulic Actuator
Solenoid Control Actuators

This is also known as electromagnetic coil


valve actuation system (ECVAS)

The system consists of design of :

solenoid
sensing wheel and
driving electronic circuit
Solenoid Control Actuators
Contd…

To summarize, circuit get its input from the


sensing wheel on which phototransistors
and LED are placed. Timing adjustable slots
are designed on the sensing wheel, such that
the rotation of this wheel gives required
crank angles used for valve operations. This
wheel is fixed in concurrence with cam
wheel. The photo transistors will conduct as
light of LED incident on them, thus it will
provide a path to relay and hence the voltage
is directly provided to electromagnetic
valves for operation
Solenoid Control Actuators
Contd…

ADVANTAGES

 Better Fuel Efficiency


 Higher Output
 Performance of Engine
 Reduction of Emission
Solenoid Control Actuators
Contd…

DISADVANTAGES

 Power loss cannot be avoided .

 If electric system fails, big problem could


occur.

 Are bulky and consume lot of space.

 Large winding and heavy current draw.


USE OF THE CAMLESS ENGINE

 These are huge 2 stroke Diesel engines with


power rating more than 100,000 KW.

 These engines are running with computer


hardware ,controlling both fuel exhaust valve
operation and the Cylinder Lubrication.

 Camless Engines are made by MAN, B&W,


Mitsubishi and New Sulzer.
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
DISCUSSION
 Although the problem of the power loss, friction , torque
& maximum power may be tackled using camless
engines, there are also some problems which arises due
to the use of the camless engines

 The use of hydraulic actuators lead to the slowness due


to the inertia of the fluid flow. The use of the pneumatic
actuators lead to the use of the high air pressure system.

 The use of electromagnetic, piezoelectric and solenoid


control actuators need electrical power supply. Also the
revised camless setup will increase space and weight
and initial investment too
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

Hence it is being concluded that the use of


camless engines lead to increase in fuel
efficiency and reduced emission still the
space , weight and other factors are to be
dealt with so as to make the use of camless
engine economical which is the primary
concern of any customer.

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