Reporting and

Sharing the Findings

Drawing Conclusions from Patterns
and Themes
The summary of findings serves as a
brief restatement of the components of
the research paper.
A conclusion contains insights drawn
from the findings of each problem which
answer the questions presented at the
beginning of the research paper.
Dos and Don’ts in Writing a
Conclusion
 Include a complete summary of findings.
 Highlight key points based on the analysis or
results of the study.
 Note important suggestions.
 Share what you learned from the study.
 Use clear and simple language.
 Never add new information.
 Describe the value of your research.
Strategies in Writing the Conclusion
 Echo the introduction expressed in the other
sections of the research.
 Challenge the readers into applying your
study in their own lives.
 Look
to the future by emphasizing the
importance of your paper.
 Posequestions where the readers can gain a
new perspective on the topic, or you may
also bring your main ideas together to
create a new meaning
Sample Conclusion

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Korean

Drama Consumption to the Patriotism of
University of the East - Caloocan Grade 12
HUMSS Fans and Nonfans

 (Source: Cabello, Melo Mar Y., Joanne Mariel T. Palisoc,

Remar Paulo L. Panganiban, Janna T. Santosidad, and
Robbin L. Sarreal. A Comparative Study on the Effects
of Korean Drama Consumption to the Patriotism of
University of the East – Caloocan Grade 12
  The researchers conducted this study in an attempt
to prove the causal relationship between watching
Go back to South Korean TV Drama and patriotism. To achieve
Chapter 1- this objective, the researchers employed qualitative
method through an in-depth, one-on-one interview. A
Introductio total of ten participants were interviewed
n This individually. In order to qualify for the study,
participants had to be a grade 12 HUMSS student at
brings the University of the East – Caloocan, five of which
readers should be Korean TV drama fans while the other five
are non-fans. A purposive sampling method was
back to the used in order to identify the participants. In addition
to that, the researcher applied a semi- structured
reason why interview so as to counterbalance the structure and
you wrote the freedom of the interviewer to conduct the
interview. This study employed a comparative
this analysis of the perception of the two groups, namely,
research. South Korean TV drama fans and non-fans. The
Korean TV drama fans group is composed of three
female fans and two male fans while the non-fans
group is composed of three female nonfans and two
male non-fans.
  1. The study conducted found out that Korean TV
The drama fans are dependent on foreign media,
numbered specifically South Korean TV drama, because of their
increasing and continuous dependence to the said
paragrap media in satisfying their needs and wants, as
explained by “Media Dependency Theory”. A similar
hs are pattern could be seen through the lens of the “Uses
and Gratifications Theory” the Korean TV drama fans’
conclusio desires are gratified by the South Korean TV drama.
The reason behind this dependency is due to the
ns coming common characteristics between South Korea and the
from the Philippines, in terms of Geographical aspects (geo
linguistic proximity) and Cultural aspects (cultural
research linguistic proximity). Several fans also stated that
there are certain qualities of TV drama that are not
questions met by Filipino TV drama – and in light of this, said
fans turned to foreign media and found the qualities
they are looking for in South Korean TV drama, due to
its commonality with the Philippines in terms of
norms, values, beliefs, and the fact that both countries
have been colonized by western countries in the pas
2. moreover, the results show that Korean TV
drama fans are selfproclaimed patriots, when
in fact they do not practice this concept of
pride and acceptance towards the qualities
that local products have, specifically those
related to Filipino TV drama.
3. The causal relationship of South Korean TV
drama andthe patriotism is deemed by the
researchers to have a fragile connection, since
the results of the interview did not show an
outcome where and when this causation is
manifested. Additionally, the low sample size
is seen.
FORMULATING RECOMMENDATIONS
BASED ON CONCLUSIONS

A recommendation is a
suggestion that improves
the study for future research
to be conducted in the field.
 Dos and Don’ts in Writing
Recommendations
 Belogical by addressing the conclusion
sensibly.
 Revisit
your introduction (purpose of the
study and the scope) so that the
recommendations will be relevant.
 Keep in mind that recommendations are
written to improve the study.
Strategies in Writing
Recommendations

• Brief: Write short

recommendations and only
give when necessary.
• Clear and Precise: Show
how the implementation will
be done.
 Example
The research “A Comparative Study on the Effects of
Korean Drama Consumption to the Patriotism of University
of the East – Caloocan Grade 12 HUMSS Fans and Non-
fans”, highlighted in the conclusion that the researchers
were unable to find the connection to their research
question number 3 which asked, “How do the Korean
drama fans and non- Korean drama fans’ perception
towards their country differ?”
The causal relationship of South Korean TV drama
and the patriotism is deemed by the researchers to have
a fragile connection, since the results of the interview did
not show an outcome where and when this causation is
manifested. Additionally, the low sample size is seen.
 Example
The recommendation above is quite
wordy and somehow lost its main point
because of the vague language. The
following statement may be a revision:
The researchers recommend the
increase of participants in the future studies
so as to set a connection between the causal
relationships.
Sample Recommendation

A Comparative Study on the Effects of

Korean Drama Consumption to the
Patriotism of University of the East -
Caloocan Grade 12 HUMSS Fans and
Nonfans

(Source: Cabello, Melo Mar Y., Joanne Mariel T. Palisoc, Remar Paulo L.
Panganiban, Janna T. Santosidad, and Robbin L. Sarreal. A Comparative
Study on the Effects of Korean Drama Consumption to the Patriotism of
University of the East – Caloocan Grade 12 HUMSS Fans and Non-fans.
Research Report, University of the East, 2018. 80-82.)
The numbered paragraphs are recommendations
again answering specific improvements to be in
the research study.

1. For other researchers who are interested in

conducting a similar study about patriotism and
watching South Korean TV drama, they are advised
to include all the Senior High School strands that
this study failed to do due to the lack of time. Since
this study focused only on the Humanities and
Social Sciences strand, there is only a low level of
generalizability and the strand itself might be a
confounded variable that could possibly affected
the answers of the participants.
2. Another perspective that future researchers
may take a look on is the participants’ choice of
words. The researchers noticed the participants’
choice of words. The participants would often use
the word “nila” or “they” in English to describe the
Filipinos. From this the researchers infer that the
participants are not considering themselves as one
with the Filipinos thus contradicting their previous
statements stating that they are very proud to be
a Filipino. The statement can also be a
manifestation of the distinction of patriotism and
nationalism wherein patriots criticize their country
whenever it is wrong or lacking as compared to
nationalist that devotes themselves entirely to the
country
Listing References
Itis quite important to recognize
the efforts of other people in the
success of your research because
without them, your research
would not have been good. And
nothing spells this appreciation
better than listing them in the
references.
Reference is a list of sources that
have been referred to within the
research which includes direct
quotations. While bibliography is a
list of sources which have been
read during the research process
to widen one’s knowledge about
the research, however these had
information which were used
indirectly.
 The Why’s in Referencing in Research
 to share the hard work of the experts
 to
show distinctions of which are your ideas
versus the experts’ ideas
 to respect the work done by the experts
 to
allow future researchers to retrieve
sources
 toadd authority of your work by using time-
tested evidence
 toassure readers that as a researcher you
read and understood other researches
 The references or bibliography
should be alphabetical order.
 Aquino, M. R., Duque, L. A., Pimentel, S. B., & Rojas, J.
T. (1972). The Most Intelligible Variety of English
Pronunciation for Use in the Philippines. Quezon City,
Philippines: Alemar-Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
 Heilman, A. W. (2007). A Proper Perspective of
Phonics.Jurong, Singapore: Pearson Education South
Asia PTE. LTD.
 Lightbown, P. M., &Spada, N. (2000). How Languages
are Learned. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
 Mata, L. S., & Soriano, I. S. (1998). English
Pronunciation for the Filipino College Student. Quezon
City, Philippines: Ken Incorporated
 PRESENTING A WRITTEN RESEARCH
REPORT
a research report is a systematic write up
on the findings of a research study
including an abstract, introduction
(Background with literature review,
justification, objectives etc.),
methodology/materials and methods
(including statistical design, if any),
results and discussion, conclusions and
recommendations, references following a
The following is a general outline for
a research report
 Chapter 1: Problem – Introduction, statement of the
problem, hypotheses, why it is important, objectives
of the work, scope of the work
 Chapter 2: Related Literature Review – discusses
related work and indicate how it relates to report
 Chapter 3: Procedure or Methodology – describes
the procedure used in project, data used, and how it
was obtained, how it will be interpreted, the
research local
Chapter 4: Summary of Findings –
indicates what happened and
interpret what it means
Chapter 5: Conclusions and
Recommendations –
answers the questions what,
where, and how it happened
FINALIZING AND PRESENTING BEST
DESIGN
 Structure or Format of the Research Project
1. Title The title should be simple and clear to
the reader. It should contain the descriptive
information about the study so that the reader
will easily identify the main problem of the
given study as well as the subject or the
research design of the study.
2. Abstract
It should be a brief paragraph about
the information of the entire paper. This
is the part where the problem, the
participants or the respondents, the
research locale, methods, scope and
limitation, and the results and findings
of the study will be written in 250-300
words. Below it, keywords about the
study are also included.
3. Introduction
This is the part of the paper where the
writer will present the overview or the
background of the study, the statement
of the problem, purpose, research
framework and the significance of the
study.
4. Literature of the Study

In this part, the writer will gather existing

literature from different authors across
international and local contexts. Analyzing
previous studies are important since these
will provide findings from different settings
and subjects. Most importantly, the review
of literature of the study will lead to the
establishment of the gaps or the missing
links in what have been studied and
concluded.
5. Method
This is where the researcher will
explain to the reader the methods to
be employed in implementing the
project and the different statistical
tools to be used to interpret the data
being collected. It will also state the
process of sampling, the kind of
research questionnaire design, and the
procedure in administering it. This also
provides the means for validation of
6. Findings
This is where the findings of the study
are presented. The results from the
statistical tools employed are reported
through a tabular or graphical
presentation and an extensive
interpretation of results
7. Discussion and Conclusion

The findings and the result of the research

study will be discussed briefly in this part of
the research paper. The researcher will also
make his/her personal conclusion based on
the results of the study. The conclusion
should be factual and logically determined
data. The conclusion will also determine the
accuracy of the hypotheses given in the
conduct of the study
8. Recommendation
This is where specific
recommendations will be clearly
presented. Such sound suggestions will
be based on the results of the study.
The writer may also recommend
extending the study to validate its
results especially with its expressed
limitations.
9. References

Using the standards in preparing

references will be present in this part.
10. Appendix
The copy of the letter for approval,
request to make the study, the sample
questionnaires will be exhibited in this
portion of the paper.
General Consideration

A research paper has 5 chapters excluding

the cover page, table of contents, table,
references, and appendices.
 The researcher should not leave any missing
information on each chapter. One should
follow the following standard in preparing a
research paper: style, font, layout and page
formats.
Title Page
 Alltext in the title page should be centered
horizontally. The title should be in an
inverted pyramid form. Hence, if it goes
beyond one-line sentence. For binding
purposes, follow the standard margin size:
Left margin 1.5” or 1 ½ in.; Right margin 1”;
Top margin 1”; Bottom Margin 1”.
Page Number

 Page numbers are placed on the top

right using numeric data (example
“2,3,4…”) The Chapter page like in
Chapter 1 will not be numbered
therefore page number “1” will not be
seen in the paper.
Spacing

The space should be 2” and it

should be using justified for
margins. Except for the title should
be in an inverted pyramid form.
Hence, if it goes beyond one-line
sentence and space should 1”
Font Size and Face

 Theuse of font size and face depends upon

the standard of the institution. However, in
most cases especially for publication
purposes, Arial font 12 is used. Bookman Old
Style font 12 or Times New Roman font 12
are also preferred by other schools.
Therefore, the font is regularly at 12 but the
use of italics is influenced by the choice of
the given school.
References

 The use of APA or the American

Psychological Association is also called the
Author Date Style. This is another way of
writing the references used in the research
paper. These citations are most commonly
used by students for research papers.
 The reference list should include the details
of the sources cited in your paper. It starts
on a separate page at the end of your
assignment paper and is titled References.
Each item cited in the reference list must
have been cited in your paper. All sources
appearing in the reference list must be
ordered alphabetically by surname.
 The reference list should be double spaced
(no line spaces between references) with
hanging indents used for the second and
subsequent lines of each entry. A hanging
indent is where the left line starts at the left
margin and subsequent lines are indented
(approx. 1.3 cm or five spaces). You can use
your word processor to automatically format
the double-spacing and hanging indents
 Italics are the preferred format for
titles of books, journals and videos.
Article and chapter titles are not
italicized or put in quotation marks.
Volume numbers are italicized but
issue numbers are not.
Example of a reference list:
 References
Andreasen, N. C. (2001). Brave new brain: Conquering mental illness in
the era of the genome. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Atkin, M. (Reporter). (2008, November 13). Bermagui forest disputed turf.
The Hack Half Hour. Retrieved from
http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/hack/notes/
Copstead, L., &Banasik, J. (2005). Pathophysiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia,
PA: Saunders.
Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C.,
Asgaard,G., ...Botros, N. (2004).
Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more
than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1
allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267.
doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305