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1. Introduction

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13 views11 pages

1. Introduction

Uploaded by

Rajih Ramadan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIRE DAWA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND


MANAGEMENT

Construction Materials and laboratory

By Bahiru Bewket ( PhD)


Assistant Prof. at Adama Science & Technology University
Introduction

Classification of Construction Materials


Construction materials can be classified into:
I) Metallic and Non-metallic
a. Non-metallic
b. Metallic
- Cementing materials
- Ferrous
- Concrete
- Timber
- Wrought iron
- Stone - Cast iron
- Plastics - Steel
- Ceramics - Aluminum
II) Based on their physical Nature:
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gaseous

III) Based on their mode of manufacture


a) Naturally occurring materials
b) Industrially produced materials
c) Materials produced at construction site
IV) based on geological
Igneous rocks e.g. Granite, Basalt, Pumice
Sedimentary rocks e.g. Sandstone, Limestone
Metamorphic rocks e.g. Marble
V) based on chemical constituent mineral.
 Argillaceous rocks are composed primarily of alumina (Al2O3)

 Calcareous rocks are those where the constituent is lime (CaCO3)

 Silicious rocks are composed primarily of silica (SiO2)


1.2 Properties of Materials
a) Physical properties
Density and specific gravity
Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
Acoustical properties
b) Chemical properties
Corrosion
 The mechanical properties have a great
practical significance in Civil Engineering
Mechanical Properties
 When forces are applied to a solid body, two
results are produced:
1) Internal resisting forces
2) Deformation
 The internal forces and deformations are called
stresses and strains respectively.
 Depending up on the arrangement and direction
of forces, the stress produced may be:
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
c) Shearing stress
d) Bending stress
e) Torsional stress
Some examples of construction
materials
Asphalt
Aggregate
Gypsum
Asphalt
Also known as bitumen
Dark brown to black
Highly viscous
Hydrocarbon produced from petroleum
distillation residue.
At least 80% carbon, which explains its deep
black color.
Sulphur is another ingredient.
asphalt
Durability
- A measure of how asphalt binder physicaly
change with age.
- Sometimes called age hardening
- In general, as an asphalt binder ages, its
viscosity increases and it becomes more stiff
Rheology
The study of deformation and flow of matter.
Deformation and flow of the asphalt binder in
HMA is important in its performance.
HMA pavements that deform and flow too
much may be susceptible to bleeding
while those that are too stiff may be
susceptible to fatigue cracking.
Aggregate
 Collective term for sand, gravel and crushed stone materials
 Roads and highways constitute the largest single use of aggregate at
40 percent of the total
 Can either be natural or manufactured
Gypsum and its occurrence
 A common mineral, with thick and extensive evaporite
beds in association with sedimentary rocks.
 Gypsum is deposited in lake and sea water.
 Often associated with the minerals halite and sulfur.

Uses of gypsum
Primarily used as a finish for walls and ceilings
Plaster ingredient.
A component of Portland cement used to prevent flash setting
of concrete.

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