Exploring the Microscopic
World of Cells
Exploring the Microscopic World of
CONTENT
Cells
LEARNING Familiarity and proper use of a compound
STANDARD microscope are essential to observe cells.
Use proper techniques in observing and
identifying the parts of a cell with a
LEARNING
COMPETENCY microscope such as the cell membrane,
nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria,
chloroplasts, and ribosomes;
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, the 80 percent of
the learners will be able to:
1. Identify and describe the major organelles of a plant or
animal cell, including the cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ribosomes.
2. Appreciate the complexity and diversity of cellular
structures by answering the reflection of learning.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
_UCL_US
It controls all the activities of the cell.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
CY_OPL_ _M
It is where all the organelle is located.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
V_CUOL_
It holds water, food and waste materials.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
CH_ORO_LAS_
It is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
CELL WA_ _
It provides support, protection, and
shape to the plant cell.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
NUCLEUS
It controls all the activities of the cell.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
CYTOPLASM
It is where all the organelle is located.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
VACUOLE
It holds water, food and waste materials.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
CHLOROPLAST
It is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
I. Activating Prior Knowledge
Short Review
Complete the words below by filling in the missing
letters.
CELL WALL
It provides support, protection, and
shape to the plant cell.
B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson
1. LESSON PURPOSE
1. Identify and describe the major organelles of a plant
or animal cell, including the cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
ribosomes.
2. Appreciate the complexity and diversity of cellular
structures by answering the reflection of learning.
B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson
2. Unlocking Content Vocabulary: Match Type Activity
A. The basic unit of structure and function in
Cells living organisms.
B. A type of cell that has a true nucleus
Eukaryote and membrane-bound organelles.
C. Single-celled organisms that lack a true
Prokaryotes nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples include bacteria and archaea.
D. The membrane-bound organelle in
Nucleus eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic
material and directs the cell's activities.
B. Establishing Purpose of the Lesson
2. Unlocking Content Vocabulary: Match Type Activity
A. The basic unit of structure and function in
Cells living organisms.
B. A type of cell that has a true nucleus
Eukaryote and membrane-bound organelles.
C. Single-celled organisms that lack a true
Prokaryotes nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples include bacteria and archaea.
D. The membrane-bound organelle in
Nucleus eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic
material and directs the cell's activities.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
1. CELL Rigid, tough, Protects and Plant
WALL made of supports the cell
cellulose
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
2. Jelly like Pads and Both
CYTOPLASM substance that supports
contains organelles inside
organelles the cell.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
3. NUCLEUS Dense, ball Controls all of Both
shaped the cell’s
structure, activities
contains DNA
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
4. ENDOPLASMIC Clear, tubular Transports Both
RETICULUM system of materials like
tunnels proteins around
throughout the the cell
cell
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
5. RIBOSOME Small specks made Makes proteins Both
of RNA. Found in
cytoplasm or on the
endoplasmic
reticulum
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
6. Location in the Supplies energy or Both
MITOCHONDRIA cytoplasm, bean ATP for the cell
through cell
shaped.
respiration using
glucose and
oxygen.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
7. VACUOLE Large open Storage tank for Both
storage area, food, water,
smaller in animal wastes or
cells enzymes
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
8. Green structures Captures sunlight Plant
CHLORO that contain and uses it to
PLAST produce food
chlorophyll.
through
photosynthesis.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Organelles, their description, function, and classification.
Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both
9. Small bags with Packages and Both
GOLGI BODY tubes connecting secrets proteins
them. for use in and
out of the cell.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Demonstrating Microscope Handling:
1. Carrying the Microscope
▪ Grasp the microscope by the arm or
base, not the eyepiece.
▪ Hold the microscope close to your
body for stability.
▪ Avoid swinging or jerking the
microscope as you carry it.
▪ Set the microscope down gently on a
stable, level surface.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Demonstrating Microscope Handling:
2. Adjusting the Microscope
▪ Start with the lowest power objective lens
(e.g., 4x or 10x).
▪ Use the coarse adjustment knob to quickly
bring the stage into focus.
▪ Switch to the fine adjustment knob to refine
the focus.
▪ Rotate the nosepiece to change objective
lenses, being careful not to hit the slide.
▪ Adjust the interpupillary distance of the
eyepieces to match your eyes.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Demonstrating Microscope Handling:
3. Focusing the Microscope
▪ Place the prepared slide on the stage and
secure it with the stage clips.
▪ Start with the lowest power objective and bring
the specimen into view.
▪ Use the coarse adjustment knob to get a
rough focus.
▪ Switch to the fine adjustment knob to sharpen
the image.
▪ Make small, incremental turns of the fine
adjustment until the specimen is in clear
focus.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Worked Example
Picture Analysis: Plant and Animal Cells. List down the
difference between plant and animal cells.
C. Developing and Deepening Understanding
Lesson Activity
Venn Diagram: Draw a Venn Diagram to differentiate plant and
animal cells.
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 1. Which of the following is the
control center of the cell?
a. Cytoplasm
b. Nucleus
c. Cell membrane
d. Mitochondria
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 2. The organelle responsible for
energy production in the cell is the:
a. Chloroplast
b. Ribosome
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 3. Which of these structures is
found in both plant and animal cells?
a. Cell wall
b. Chloroplast
c. Nucleus
d. All of the above
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 4. The thin, selective barrier that
controls what enters and leaves the cell is
the:
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Cytoplasm
d. Nucleus
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 5. Structures that translate
genetic information into proteins are called:
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosomes
c. Chloroplasts
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 6. Which organelle is
responsible for photosynthesis in plant
cells?
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 7. The jelly-like substance that
fills the cell and supports its structures is
called:
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Cytoplasm
d. Nucleus
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 8. Which of the following is the correct
order for focusing a microscope?
a. Coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, low power
objective
b. Low power objective, coarse adjustment, fine
adjustment
c. Fine adjustment, coarse adjustment, low
power objective
d. Low power objective, fine adjustment, coarse
adjustment
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 9. When preparing a wet mount slide,
the purpose of the coverslip is to:
a. Hold the specimen in place
b. Provide additional magnification
c. Prevent air bubbles from forming
d. All of the above
E. EVALUATING LEARNING
_________ 10. Which of these is an important step
in caring for a microscope?
a. Cleaning the lenses with water
b. Storing the microscope in direct sunlight
c. Gently wiping the lenses with a tissue
d. Touching the lenses with your fingers
Reference :
•SCIENCE 7 LESSON EXEMPLAR
Textbooks:Science education websites (e.g., Khan Academy, Exploratorium, PBS
Learning Media)
Microscope manufacturer websites (e.g., Leica, Nikon, Olympus)
University biology
"Biology" by Campbell and Reece
"Principles of Anatomy and Physiology" by Tortora and Derrickson
"Molecular Biology of the Cell" by Alberts et al.
Scientific Journals:
"The American Biology Teacher"
"Journal of Biological Education"
"CBE—Life Sciences Education"
Online Resources:
