Dream Science and

Technology College

Producing Server-side Scripting for

Dynamic web pages

By: Bedru Y.
(MSc.)

Oct,201 7E.C
Dessie, Ethiopia
Overview of the module
• Dynamic Web page

• Web Scripting language

o Server-side Script
o Client-side script

• Produce Server-side Script

 Dynamic web pages
Dynamic web pages: are web pages that can change their content or layout

dynamically.

Usually dynamic web pages changes based on user interaction or other events.

Unlike static web pages, which display the same content to every user.

Dynamic web pages can display different content to different users or update the

displayed content without requiring the user to reload the page.

Key features of Dynamic web pages:

User interaction

Server-side scripting

Database integration

Client-side scripting
 Dynamic web pages
User interaction: content changes based on user actions such as clicking

button, filling out forms, or navigating the site.

Server-Side Scripting: often utilize server side languages

(like,PHP,python,Node.js) to generate dynamic content.

Database Integration: can retrieve and display data from databases,

ensuring the content is up-to-date and relevant.

Client-side scripting: Uses client-side scripting language(like JavaScript)to

update the web pages without reloading

 Dynamic web pages
Let us see the following case study:-

A user logs into a website, and their dashboard displays personalized

information like recent activity, messages, and recommendation.

This information is retrieved from a database and rendered dynamically

based on the user’s profile.

 Web Scripting language
When building an online application or simply adding some additional

dynamics to a website, there is a special resource called scripting

languages.

A scripting languages is programming language used for automating

tasks and adding dynamic functionality to web pages and applications.

Web scripting languages are essential for creating dynamic, interactive , and

responsive websites.

They allow developers to write the code that can be executed on either the

client side (in the user’s browsers) or the server side (on the web server)
 Web Scripting language
Here’s a look at some of the most commonly used web scripting languages :

1. Client-Side Scripting Languages

These scripts run in the user’s web browsers and are used to create

interactive and engaging web experiences .

Client –side scripting language are used to :

Create the structure of web pages(HTML)

Style and layout the web pages(CSS)

Adding form validation, and animation more(JavaScript)

Example: HTML, CSS, javascript

 Web Scripting language
Here’s a look at some of the most commonly used web scripting languages :

2. Server-Side Scripting Languages

These scripts run on the web server and are used to manage the

backend functionality of a website.

Server –side scripting language are used to :

Generate dynamic web page content (PHP)

Handle form submissions

Interact with database

Example:PHP, Python, Node.js , ruby,

 Introduction to PHP
PHP is

stands for Hypertext Preprocessor

a widely-used scripting language

free software released

PHP code can be embedded into HTML or XHTML documents

It is executed on the server to generate dynamic web content.

PHP is frequently used together with MySQL, and is one of the key

technologies
 Introduction to PHP
Key Features of PHP

Server-side execution: PHP script are executed on the server

Embedded in HTML: PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML

code.

Cross-Platform: PHP runs on various platform like windows, Linux,

macOS and more.

You cannot view the PHP source code by selecting "View source" in the

browser

you will only see the output from the PHP file, which is plain HTML.

This is because the scripts are executed on the server before the result

is sent back to the browser

 PHP development Env’t
Steps to set Up a PHP Development Environment

Here’s the comprehensive guide to get you started :

1. Install a web server

• Download and install XAMPP or WAMP server

• Follow the installation prompts and choose the default

setting.

• Once installed, start the Apache server from the control

panel

• PHP is bundled or included with XAMPP and WAMP

2. Install a database server (MySQL is recommended )

• MySQL is included with XAMPP and WAMP

• Follow the installation instruction and choose the

default settings
 PHP development Env’t
Steps to set Up a PHP Development Environment

3. Download and install text Editor/IDE

• Visual Studio Code

• Sublime Text

4. Configure IDE for PHP

• Install PHP extensions to your text editor or IDE for

better code completion and debugging.

5. Place your PHP file in your Project directory

• Save the file in the /public folder of the installed server

 Basic PHP syntax

A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP

scripting code.

A PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>
 Basic PHP syntax
A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document

Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon.

The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of

instructions from another.

There are two basic statements to output text with PHP: echo and print.

The default extension of PHP files is: .php.

 Basic PHP syntax
The following is an example of a simple PHP file, with a script that uses a

built-in echo function to output the text "Hello world!" On a website:.

 Basic PHP syntax
PHP Variables:

In PHP, a variable is declared using a $ sign followed by the variable

name

Here, some important points to know about variables:

• After declaring a variable, it can be reused throughout the code.

• Assignment Operator (=) is used to assign the value to a variable.

• Syntax of declaring a variable in PHP is given below:

• $variable name=value;
 Basic PHP syntax
Rules for declaring PHP variable:

A variable must start with a dollar ($) sign, followed by the variable

name.

PHP variables must start with letter or underscore only.

PHP variable can't be start with numbers and special symbols.

It can only contain alpha-numeric character and underscore (A-z, 0-9,

_).

A PHP variable name cannot contain spaces.

One thing to be kept in mind that the variable name cannot start with a

number or special symbols.

PHP variables are case-sensitive, so $name and $NAME both are

treated as different variable.

 Basic PHP syntax
PHP Variable: Declaring string, integer, and float

File: variable1.php

Output:

string is: hello string

integer is: 200

float is: 44.6

 Basic PHP syntax
Php code to display your first name defined by variable name fname

File:sample.php

<?php

$fname=“Bedru”;

Echo “my name is $fname;

?>

output:

My name is: Bedru

 Basic PHP syntax
PHP Variable: Sum of two variables

File: variable2.php

Output:

11
 Basic PHP syntax
PHP Variable: case sensitive

• In PHP, variable names are case sensitive. So variable name "color" is

different from Color, COLOR, COLor etc.

File: variable3.php

Output:
My car is red

Notice: Undefined variable: COLOR in C:\wamp\www\variable.php on line 4

My house is

Notice: Undefined variable: coLOR in C:\wamp\www\variable.php on line 5

My boat is
 Basic PHP syntax
Note that: To concatenate two or more variables together, use the dot (.)

operator:

<html>

<body>

<?php

$txt1="Hello World";

$txt2="1234";

echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2 ;

?>

</body>

</html>
 Basic PHP syntax
Comments in PHP: we use // to make a single-line comment or /* and */ to

make a large comment block.

<html> <body>

<?php

//This is a single comment

/* This is Multiple comment block */

?>

</body>

</html>
 PHP Operator
PHP Operators: Operators are used to performing operations on some values.

• In other words, we can describe operators as something that takes some

values, performs some operation on them, and gives a result.

• From example, “1 + 2 = 3” in this expression ‘+’ is an operator. It takes

two values 1 and 2, performs an addition operation on them to give 3.

• Given below are the various groups of operators:

 PHP Operator
1. Arithmetic Operators

• The arithmetic operators are used to perform simple

mathematical operations like addition, subtraction,

multiplication, etc.
 PHP Operator
2. Logical or Relational Operators

• These are basically used to operate with conditional

statements and expressions. Conditional statements are

Operat
based
or
onName
conditions.
Syntax Operation

And Logical AND $x and $y True if both the operands are true else false

Or Logical OR $x or $y True if either of the operands is true else false

True if either of the operands is true and false if

Xor Logical XOR $x xor $y
both are true

&& Logical AND $x && $y True if both the operands are true else false

|| Logical OR $x || $y True if either of the operands is true else false

! Logical NOT !$x True if $x is false

 PHP Operator
3. Comparison Operators These operators are used to compare two elements

and outputs the result in Boolean form. .

Operator Name Syntax Operation

== Equal To $x == $y Returns True if both the operands are equal

!= Not Equal To $x != $y Returns True if both the operands are not equal

<> Not Equal To $x <> $y Returns True if both the operands are unequal

== Identical $x === $y
Returns True if both the operands are equal and are of the
same type
=
!== Not Identical $x == $y
Returns True if both the operands are unequal and are of
different types

< Less Than $x < $y Returns True if $x is less than $y

> Greater Than $x > $y Returns True if $x is greater than $y

<= Less Than or Equal To $x <= $y Returns True if $x is less than or equal to $y

>= Greater Than or Equal

To
$x >= $y Returns True if $x is greater than or equal to $y
 PHP Operator
5. Assignment Operators These operators are used to assign values to

different variables, with or without mid-operations.

Operator Name Syntax Operation

= Assign $x = $y
Operand on the left obtains the value of the
operand on the right

+= Add then Assign $x += $y Simple Addition same as $x = $x + $y

-= Subtract then
Assign
$x -= $y Simple subtraction same as $x = $x – $y

*= Multiply then
Assign
$x *= $y Simple product same as $x = $x * $y

/= Divide then Assign

(quotient)
$x /= $y Simple division same as $x = $x / $y

%= Divide then Assign

(remainder)
$x %= $y Simple division same as $x = $x % $y
 PHP Operator
6. Increment/Decrement Operators These are called the unary operators as

they work on single operands. These are used to increment or decrement

values.
Operator Name Syntax Operation

++ Pre-Increment ++$x First increments $x by one, then return $x

-- Pre-Decrement - -$x First decrements $x by one, then return $x

++ Post-Increment $x++ First returns $x, then increment it by one

-- Post-Decrement $x- - First returns $x, then decrement it by one

 Control structure in PHP
Control structures are an essential part of any programming language and PHP is no

exception.

They provide the ability to control the flow of execution in a program based on

certain conditions.

In other words, they allow you to make decisions in your code and execute different

blocks of code based on those decisions.

This helps to simplify complex tasks, making it easier to write and maintain the code.

These statements are mainly categorized into following:

• Conditional Statements

• Loop Statements

• Jump Statements
 Control structure in PHP
I. Conditional Statements.

Conditional Statements performs different computations or actions depending on

conditions. In PHP, the following are conditional statements

• if statement

• if - else statement

• if - elseif - else statement

• switch statement

If statement

 The if statement is used to test a specific condition. If the condition is true, a

block of code (if-block) will be executed.

 Syntax: if (condition)
{
statements
}
 Control structure in PHP
I. Conditional Statements.

if - else statement

• The if-else statement provides an else block combined with the if statement

which is executed in the false case of the condition.

if (condition)
{
statements
}
else
{
statements
}
 Control structure in PHP
I. Conditional Statements.

if - elseif - else statement-The elseif statement enables us to check multiple

conditions and execute the specific block of statements depending upon the true
if (condition1)
condition among them.
{
statements
}
else if(condition2)
{
statements
}
else if(condition 3)
{
statements
}
•
•
else
{
Statements
}
 Control structure in PHP
I. Conditional Statements.

Switch statement- it enables us to execute a block of code from multiple

conditions depending upon the expression..

switch (expression)

case 1: statements

break;

case 2: statements

break;

case 3: statements

break;

default: statements

}
 Control structure in PHP
II. Loop Statements.

Sometimes we may need to alter the flow of the program. If the

execution of a specific code may need to be repeated several numbers

of times then we can go for loop statements.

In PHP, the following are loop statements

• while loop

• do - while loop

• for loop
 Control structure in PHP
II. Loop Statements.

While loop statement

 With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition

is true.

 The while loop is mostly used in the case where the number of iterations is

not known in advance.

 Syntax:

while (condition)
{
statements
}
 Control structure in PHP
II. Loop Statements.

do - while loop statement

 The do-while loop will always execute a set of statements at least once and

then execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

 Syntax:

do
{
statements
} while (condition);
 Control structure in PHP
II. Loop Statements.

For loop statement

 With the for loop, we can execute a set of statements specified number of

times.

 The for loop is mostly used in the case where the number of iterations is

known in advance.

 Syntax:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
statements
}
 Control structure in PHP
II. Loop Statements.

Jump statement

 Jump statements in PHP are used to alter the flow of a loop like you want to

skip a part of a loop or terminate a loop.

 In PHP, the following are jump statements

o break statemen

o continue statement

 Break statement

• The break is a keyword in PHP which is used to bring the

program control out of the loop. i.e. when a break statement is

encountered inside a loop, the loop is terminated and program

control resumes at the next statement following the loop.

• Syntax: break;
 Control structure in PHP
II. Loop Statements.

Jump statement

 Continue statement

• The continue statement in PHP is used to bring the program

control to the beginning of the loop. i.e. when a continue

statement is encountered inside the loop, remaining statements

are skipped and loop proceeds with the next iteration

• Syntax: continue;