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Lecture 12

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13 views

Lecture 12

Uploaded by

waleed ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE359 – Lecture 12

Outline
 Announcements
Midterm announcements
No HW next week (practice MTs)
HW5 posted, due Tuesday 5pm (no
late HWs)
 MGF Approach to MRC
 Generalized Combining
 Transmit Diversity
 Midterm Review
 Introduction to adaptive
modulation
Midterm
Announcements
 Midterm: Friday (2/21), 2-4 pm in (Hewlett 103)
 Food will be served after the exam!
 Review sessions
 My midterm review will be during today’s lecture
 TA review (+OHs): Wednesday 2/19 from 4-6 pm in 364 Packard
 Midterm logistics:
 Open book/notes; Bring reader/calculators. Disconnected
electronic devices OK.
 Covers Chapters 1-7 (sections covered in lecture and/or HW)

 OHs next week:


 Me: Tue 2/18: 3-4:45pm, Thu 6-7pm, Fri 10:30-11:30am all in
371 Packard
 Tom: Wed ~5-6pm, Thu 1:30-2:50pm, Fri 11:30-12:30pm

 No HW next week
 Midterms from past 3 MTs posted:
 10 bonus points for “taking” a practice exam
 Solutions for all exams given when you turn in practice exam
Review of Last
Lecture
 Array Structure of a Diversity Combiner
 Performance metrics:
 Outage probability and average probability of
error
 Array and Diversity gain
 Combining Techniques
 Selection Combining (SC): Path with highest
gain used
 Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC): Paths
cophased and summed with optimal weights to
maximize SNR
 SC Performance Analysis
 Combiner SNR is the maximum of the branch
SNRs.
Review continued
MRC and its
Performance
 With MRC, gS=gi for branch SNRs gi
 Optimal technique to maximize output
SNR
 Yields 20-40 dB performance gains
 Distribution of g hard to obtain
S

 Standard average BER calculation


Pb Pb ( ) p( )d ...Pb ( ) p(1 ) * p(2 ) * ... * p( M )d1d2 ...d M

 Hard to obtain in closed form


 Integral often diverges

 MGF Approach: For Ps in AWGN of


Generalized
Combining
 For
a diversity system with M
branches:
 SelectsL branches, 1<L<M, with the
highest SNR
 Combined the L branches with MRC or
EGC
 Complexity/performance tradeoffs
 Betterperformance than L-branch
MRC/EGC with higher complexity
 Worse performance than M-branch
MRC/EGC with lower complexity
 Performance analysis requires order
Transmit Diversity Not covered in
lecture/HW/exams

 With channel knowledge, similar


to receiver diversity, same
array/diversity gain
 Without channel knowledge, can
obtain diversity gain through
Alamouti scheme:
2 TX antenna space-time block code
(STBC)
Works over 2 consecutive symbols
Achieves full diversity gain, no array
gain

Midterm Review
 Overview of Wireless Systems
 Signal Propagation and Channel
Models
 Modulation and Performance
Metrics
 Impact of Channel on Performance
 Fundamental Capacity Limits
Adaptive Modulation (not
on MT)
 Change modulation relative to
fading

 Parameters to adapt:
 Constellation size
 Transmit power
 Instantaneous BER
 Symbol time
Only1-2 degrees of freedom needed for good performance
Coding rate/scheme

 Optimization criterion:
 Maximize throughput
 Minimize average power
Variable-Rate Variable-
Power MQAM
log2 M(g) Bits One of the
M(g) Points To Channel
M(g)-QAM
Uncoded Point Modulator
Data Bits Delay Selector
Power: P(g)

g(t) g(t)

BSPK 4-QAM 16-QAM

Goal: Optimize P(g) and M(g) to maximize R=Elog[M(g)]


subject to error probability target:
Problem formulation and solution similar to flat-fading capacity
Main Points
 Analysis of MRC simplified using MGF
approach
 GC combines benefits of SC and MRC
 TX diversity with CSI at TX same as RX
diversity
 Canobtain diversity gain even without
channel information at transmitter via
space-time block codes.
 Adaptivemodulation leverages fast
fading to improve performance
(throughput, BER, etc.)

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