CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION

AND
REHABILITATION INITIATIVES :

A Study of Haryana

Presented by : Bindu Bansal

 PRELUDE : from captivity to reintegration
Crime – deviant behaviour is natural
Social Control – through punishment /
incarceration
State – Criminal Justice Administration
o Police – control & investigation
o Prosecution & Court – trial / adjudication
o Prison – correction & rehabilitation
Prison : from deterrence to reformation to
correction (rehabilitation / reintegration )
o from jail to prison to correctional institution
o from captivity / punishment to incarceration to
reformation to rehabilitation / reintegration
 Correctional Institutions
Institution for detention, custody, control, care
and treatment
Ensuring correction, reformation, rehabilitation
with reintegration
‘the modern concept of punishment has undergone a
vital transformation where criminal is not looked
at as a grave menace to the society which should
be get rid off, rather he is treated as a diseased
person suffering from mental or psychological
frustration and therefore, is to be cured and
corrected it rather than to be destroyed’
- Justice Fazal Ali
 Global Trends -
National Phenomena -
Local Concern -
• Escalating incarceration (in quantitative / numbers as well as
qualitative terms / prolonged imprisonment)
• Massive overcrowding and influx under trial inmates
(constituting about 75% of total prison population)
• Low Conviction Rates (around 40% of inmates are innocents)
• Changing dynamics of crime (cyber crimes, drug abuse,
human trafficking and white collar having grave amplitude)
• Inadequate legal aid services (lack in quality & competence)
• No policy on de-addiction / psychological help
• Acute shortage of Prison Personnel (30% vacancies
worldwide)
 LITERATURE REVIEW : Inferences drawn
 Prisoners get socialize to prison environment developing it’s own prison
culture and norms.
 Positive link between prison staff training, education and overall reform.
 Rehabilitation programs in India mainly focus on vocational training and
education of the prisoners but lack in therapeutics and psychological care.
 Most of the studies reviewed are focused on crime and types of punishment but
very few focus on criminal psychology and behavior.
 Understanding of delinquent’s crime and life circumstances are necessary
precursor before designing any successful reintegration programs for prisoners.
 Tailor made treatment for different delinquents is important for the success
of rehabilitation programs.
 Integrated training, industry and education model increases employment
opportunities of inmates and reduce their chances of relapsing into the crime.
 Role of non state actors is vital in rehabilitation of prisoners.
 Educated and advantaged delinquents commit less crime as compared to
uneducated and less advantaged.
 MAIN OBJECTIVES
To study National Policy on Prison Reforms and
Correctional Administration in context to Indian
correctional institutions.
To analyze the structure, organization and practices of
management of correctional institutions of Haryana and
assess the efficacy of the educational and recreational
programs
To evaluate the role and perception of prison personnel
regarding the administration of correctional institutions
To assess the gender disparity in available prison-based
facilities and rehabilitation programs.
To assess the working of NGOs in rehabilitation of
prisoners.
To identify administrative bottlenecks and suggest policy
measures.
 HYPOTHESIS
1: Haryana Prison Administration policies have
improved the physical conditions of prisoners.
2: Existing infrastructure and human resource is
insufficient for the fulfillment of rehabilitation goals.
3: Prisoners are dissatisfied with practices related to
their reforms and rehabilitation.
3(a): Generalized policy and less number of female
prisoners leads to gender biasness in terms of facilities
and skills imparted to female inmates.
4: Prison personnel are dissatisfied with
administrative initiatives regarding rehabilitation of
prisoners.
5: Role of NGOs in rehabilitation programs is positively
correlated with outcomes of rehabilitation process.
 all the hypothesis are accepted
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources.
 Research was conducted in State of Haryana.
 Primary data was collected from 5 major prisons comprising of
two Central prison situated at Ambala and Hisar along with three
District prison situated at Rohtak, Jhajjar and Kaithal.
 Primary data was collected through questionnaire and interview
schedule where the sample size was 375 (i.e. 250 prison inmates,
100 prison personnel and 25 NGO volunteers)
 In addition, secondary data was collected from books, articles,
journals, newspapers, website and documents like national policy,
international legislations, conventions, manuals, annual reports etc.
 Data was processed by coding, classification and tabulation.
 Collected data was analyzed using the statistical tools and
techniques like percentage, chi-square test and P-value along with
graphical presentations through bar chart, pie charts and others.
 CHAPTER SCHEME
I: 'Correctional Administration and Rehabilitation
Initiatives :
A Study of Haryana' – Introduction
II: 'Emerging Global Prison Trends’
III: 'Correctional Administration in India : Prison
Reforms‘
IV: 'Correctional Institutions in Haryana :
Rehabilitative Initiatives’
V: 'Administrative Initiatives : Attitude of Prison
Personnel
VI: 'Prisoner's Rehabilitation : Role of NGOs’
VII: 'Major Findings and Concluding Observations'
 FINDINGS
 H1: Existing infrastructures, human resource and policy
measures are insufficient to achieve rehabilitation goals
(unceasing over crowding / influx under trials, no de addiction
centre / policy or psychological help, no specialized medical
services, no in house competent legal services etc)
 H2: Prisoner dissatisfied with practices related to
rehabilitation (no field/practical training, stigma of conviction,
under trials not covered, pessimistic, unaware, lacks
motivation, disillusioned with justice system, treated as
untouchables)
 H3: Gender Bias – no separate policy, prison, segregation,
staff, facilities, legal aid or medical facilities etc for female
inmates
 H4: Prison Personnel– under staffed, lacks training,
motivation, sensitization, low self esteem, erratic working hours
with no leaves and policy for staff etc
 H5: NGOs- vital link between inmates and staff / society,
providing expert services - therapeutic and psychological
 WAY FORWARD - Suggestions
 Avoid incarceration – encourage alternatives to imprisonment
and prison, probation, community service, open prisons etc
 Reduce under trials influx – liberalize bail system, regular
review by prison committees
 Individualizing inmates – apt classification, proper
segregation, tailor made / productivity oriented program, focus
on rehabilitation and reintegration in society
 Sensitive treatment for young offender – establish borstal
schools, community oriented services, encourage probation etc
 Dedicated & special policy female inmate – effective
classification, fair wages, skill development, specialized
correctional services
 Legal Services – free, competent, regular and prompt in house
 Create Awareness in Society – publication, regular interaction,
prison visits, business avenues and industry participation etc
'darkness cannot drive out darkness, only light can do that,
hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that'

THANK YOU