DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES

IN AVAILABLE VEGETABLES COLLECTED

FROM SHERPUR DISTRICT OF
BANGLADESH
TANIA YESMIN BRISTY
Reg. No. 15-06638
MS Student (January-June 2023 Session)
Department of Agricultural Chemistry

SHER-E-BANGLA
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
DHAKA-1207, BANGLADESH
 SPECIAL THANKS
TO

Dr. Md. Sirajul Islam khan

Professor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
Supervisor Dr. Md. Ahedul Akbor
Research Coordinator
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial
Research (BCSIR)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Dhaka
Co-supervisor
Contents

Introduction
Objectives
Materials and Method
Results Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation

03
01
INTRODUCTION
A Brief Overview of the Title

04
 INTRODUCTION
Agriculture in Bangladesh

Bangladesh's Agricultural Overview:

• Agriculture: Crucial sector for the economy.
• 0.31% of the world’s agricultural land. Research
• Supports 2% of the global population (Rasul and Thapa, Location
2004).
Key Crops:
• Vegetables, rice, wheat, jute, sugarcane, tea (Islam et al.,
2009).
Vegetables like Asparagus Bean, Sponge Gourd, and Red Spinach
play an important role in the food production
Asparagus Bean:
• Rich in vitamins A, C, and K, iron, and potassium
• Versatile use in stir-fries, curries, and soups Map Location of the Research Area
• Popular in home gardens and local markets
Sponge Gourd:
• High in vitamins A, C, and B, magnesium, and Red Spinach:
potassium • Excellent source of iron, calcium, vitamins A and C
• Bitter taste, often balanced with sweet or sour flavors • Versatile ingredient in curries, soups, and saag
• Used in curries, stir-fries, and pickles, believed to have • Staple vegetable in Bangladeshi cuisine, associated with good health
medicinal properties

05
 INTRODUCTION
Nutritional Value & Popular Vegetables

• Nutritional Benefits of Vegetables:

• Rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and
phytochemicals.
• Linked to reduced risks of:
• Heart disease, stroke, diabetes.
• Certain cancers (Quebedeaux and
Eisa, 1990; Wargovich, 2000).

• Key Vegetables in Bangladesh:

• Cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, brinjal,
potato, pumpkin, etc. (Hasan et al.,
2017).
• Nutrient-rich: Vitamins A, C, iron,
potassium, phosphorus (Kumar et al.,
2008). 06
 INTRODUCTION
Pesticide Usage in Bangladesh Vegetable
Production

In a research conducted by Khatun and other on 2023, it

showed that more than 29% of the vegetable samples
(1577) were contaminated with pesticide residue; among
the contaminated samples (458), most cases (73%)
exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs)
Pesticide Usage:
• Extensive use for pest control (Suvagata Bagchi et al.,
2008).
• Around 900 chemical pesticides used globally (Thurman
et al., 2008).
• Vital for managing crop diseases and pests.

07
 INTRODUCTION
Pesticide Residue Monitoring in Food Products

European Union Initiative (1996):

• Goal: Assess pesticide contamination in food.
• Tested Products: Apples, tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries, grapes.

Key Facts:
• 5.2% of samples contained pesticide residues.
• 0.31% exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) (Akter et al., 2009).
• 34% had residues at or below the MRL.
• 1% exceeded MRL, with beans being the most contaminated.

Importance for Consumer Safety:

• Public awareness about pesticide levels in food is crucial (Nahar et al., 2019; Dasika
et al., 2012).

Research Gap:
• Minimal research on pesticide residues in vegetables from Sherpur, Bangladesh
(Akter et al., 2009). 08
 OBJECTIVES

 To detect and quantify pesticide residues (mg/kg) in Asparagus

Bean, Sponge Gourd, and Red Spinach sourced from various
markets in Sherpur district

 To assess whether the detected levels of pesticide residues

exceeded the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).

09
 MATERIALS
02 AND
METHODS
The means and methods with which
the experiment was carried out

10
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling and Sample Collection
• Vegetable Samples:
• Asparagus bean, Lal Shak, Sponge Gourd.
• Locations:
• Ghazir khamar, Char Mucharia, Char Pakshimari,
Bajitkhila, Kaliakura, Sreebordi, Kamarerchar, Nakla
(Sherpur District).
• Collection Process:
• Collected in clean, transparent, airtight polyethylene
bags.
• Properly labeled with sample number and collection
date.
• Individual bags used to prevent cross-contamination.

11
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample Preparation & Analysis

• Preparation:

Samples cut
Transported into small Stored at -
to INARS pieces and 20°C for
(BCSIR). mixed for analysis.
homogeneity.

• Pesticide Residue Analysis:

• Two stages:
• Extraction & Purification of analytes.
• Identification & Quantification of insecticide
residues.
12
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Extraction Method

• Method Used:
• Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) Method.

LLE:
• Separation technique using two immiscible liquids.
• Analytes dissolve based on solubility.
• Multiple extractions improve efficiency.
• Suitable for non-polar/moderately polar compounds.
• Used in pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, etc.
• Isolates and concentrates target compounds.
• Why LLE?
• High analyte recoveries. (Targuma et.al., 2021)

• Minimal organic solvent consumption.

• Low per-sample cost.
Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE) Method
References:
• Lopez et al. (2010), Lehotay (2010), Chandrasekaran (2012), and more.
13
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Comparison to QuEChERS:
• Widely used, but LLE remains popular.
• LLE has been modified over time (AOAC 2007.1; CSN EN 15662, 2008).

Aspect QuEChERS LLE

Principle Partitioning with salts and d-SPE cleanup Partitioning between two immiscible liquids
Speed Fast Slow
Clean-up Built-in (d-SPE) Requires additional steps
Applications Multi-residue (food, pesticides) Broad (pharmaceuticals, environmental)
Solvent Usage Low High
Cost Lower Higher
Safety More environmentally friendly Requires more safety precautions

14
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Determination of Target Analytes

• Pesticides Analyzed:
• Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton,
Methyl parathion, Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos,
Prothofos.

• Equipment Used:
• Gas Chromatography (GC): GC-MS
TQ-2020, SHIMADZU.

Gas Chromatography (GC) Machine (GC-MS TQ-2020,

SHIMADZU, Shimadzu)

15
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chemicals Used in Analysis

Standards from Sigma-Aldrich:

• Quinalphos, Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion, Diazinon.
• Purity > 99.6%.

Other Chemicals:
• Methanol, Acetone, Acetonitrile, NaCl, MgSO4, PSA.

Supplier:
• Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.

16
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Analytical Instruments

• Centrifuge Machine: Sigma 3k 30, Germany.

• Electric Balance: AY-220, Shimadzu, Japan.
• Orbital Shaker: Rexmed, Sweden.
• Vortex Mixer: Maxi Max II, USA.
• Homogenizer.
• Gas Chromatograph (GC-MS TQ-2020): Shimadzu, Japan.
• Accessories:

• Scissors • Funnel
• measuring cylinder • test tube
• conical flask • Micropipette
• volumetric flask • aluminum foil
• Tray • Parafilm
• Knife • centrifuge tube etc.
• Spatula
17
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation and Extraction Procedure of Pesticide Residues:

Preparation of Sample Pesticide Evaporation & Re- Cleanup

Pesticide Preparation and Extraction Dissolution
Standard Homogenization
Solutions
• Stock Solutions: • Vegetable • Dissolution in n- • Moisture • Filtered using a
Prepared at 1000 samples were cut hexane: Sample removed using disk filter into
mg/L in acetone, and shaken at 200 an evaporator. vials via syringe
stored at -20°C. homogenized in rpm for 90 • Samples re- to remove
• Mixed Standard a blender. minutes. dissolved in n- particulates.
Solution: • Approx. 12-15 • Filtration: hexane. • Sealing: Vials
Combined mg of the Samples filtered sealed for
pesticides at 50 homogenized into round-bottom storage until
mg/L in acetone, sample was flasks. analysis.
then diluted to 10 weighed.
mg/L.
• Working
Solutions:
Prepared at 0.1–
5.0 mg/L in
methanol.

18
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Table 1. The instrument parameters for GC-MS
Instruments Conditions
Injection port SPL Injection mode: split; temperature:250 °C; flow control mode: linear
velocity; split ratio: 30:0
Detector channel 1 MS Temperature: 280°C; current: 1.00 Pa; H2 flow: 1.5 ml/min; stop time:
10 min; make up flow: 30 ml/min; air flow: 145 ml/min
Column Oven for MS Initial temperature 150°. Rate: 10; Temperature 150 to 220 °C, Hold
time: 1 to 2 minutes

Table 2. Conditions for column oven

Column oven Rate Temperature Hold time (min)

Initial - 150 1
temperature:
150°C 10 220 2
19
 04
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Representation of the results and their
interpretation

20
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solvent: n-hexen
Colum: RTX-5MS
Flow rate: 1ml/min
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time

Figure 1. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 2. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Bitter Gourd Extract from Kanaipur bazar Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Lal Shak Extract of Ghazir khamar
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time
Figure 3. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 4. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract of Kamarerchar Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Lal Shak Extract of Char Mucharia

21
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solvent: n-hexen
Colum: RTX-5MS
Flow rate: 1ml/min
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time
Figure 6. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Figure 5. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Ronnel,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract from Nakla
Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd Extract from Kamarerchar
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time

Figure 7. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Ronnel, Figure 8. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Ronnel,
Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd Extract from Char Pakshimari Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract from Char Mucharia

22
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solvent: n-hexen
Colum: RTX-5MS
Flow rate: 1ml/min

absorbance of pesticide
absorbance of pesticide

Time Time

Figure 9. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Ronnel, Figure 10. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract from Char Pakshimari Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract from Bajitkhila
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time
Figure 11. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 12. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract from Kaliakura Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Asparagus Bean Extract from Sreebordi

23
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solvent: n-hexen
Colum: RTX-5MS
Flow rate: 1ml/min
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time

Figure 13. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 14. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd from Ghazir khamar Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd from Char Mucharia
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time

Figure 15. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 16. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd from Char Pakshimari Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd from Bajitkhila

24
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solvent: n-hexen
Colum: RTX-5MS
Flow rate: 1ml/min

absorbance of pesticide
absorbance of pesticide

Time Time

Figure 17. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 18. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Sponge Gourd from Kaliakura Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Lal Shak from Char Pakshimari
absorbance of pesticide

absorbance of pesticide
Time Time
Figure 19. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Figure 20. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion,
Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Lal Shak from Bajitkhila Ronnel, Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Lal Shak from Kaliakura

25
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solvent: n-hexen
Colum: RTX-5MS
Flow rate: 1ml/min
absorbance
of pesticide

Time
Figure 21. Chromatogram of Dichlorvos, Ethoprophos, Disulfoton, Methyl parathion, Ronnel,
Chlorpyrifos, Prothofos Obtained from Lal Shak from Sreebordi

26
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 3. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the different vegetables collected from
Ghazir Khamar of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.2742 0.0297 0.032 0.2
Ethoprophos 1.1655 2.6001 0.2022 0.2
Disulfoton 0.1512 0.0306 0.0036 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.1812 0.1446 0.1434 0.05
Ronnel N/D 3.7164 0.1624 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.126 3.0147 0.0944 0.2
Prothofos 0.0819 N/D 0.132 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

27
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 4. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected
from Char Mucharia of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.0480 0.0395 0.0328 0.2
Ethoprophos 0.1155 0.2389 0.4912 0.2
Disulfoton 0.0768 0.1189 0.0218 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.0720 0.0427 0.0226 0.05
Ronnel N/D 4.3688 N/D 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.1776 0.8035 0.5936 0.2
Prothofos 0.1760 N/D 0.0026 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

28
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 5. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected from
Char Pakshimari of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.0072 0.0065 0.0231 0.2
Ethoprophos 0.6333 0.1598 0.2333 0.2
Disulfoton 0.0414 0.0404 0.0772 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.0210 0.2807 0.0705 0.05
Ronnel 1.1826 0.2410 0.1727 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.1677 1.3979 0.0649 0.2
Prothofos 0.1293 0.1141 0.3267 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

29
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 6. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected
from Bajitkhila of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.0306 0.0065 0.0200 0.2
Ethoprophos 0.7863 0.6559 0.1340 0.2
Disulfoton 0.3516 0.0590 0.0384 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.4107 0.0840 N/D 0.05
Ronnel 2.3648 0.0061 N/D 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.2154 0.3369 0.0256 0.2
Prothofos N/D 0.0936 0.3090 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

30
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 7. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected from
Kaliakura of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.0464 0.0067 0.0440 0.2
Ethoprophos 0.8882 0.3349 0.3452 0.2
Disulfoton 0.0720 0.3435 0.0276 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.0354 0.1200 0.0162 0.05
Ronnel 16.6132 1.2189 0.1224 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.3416 0.1776 0.3554 0.2
Prothofos 1.5842 0.3451 0.4024 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

31
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 8. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected from
Sreebordi of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.0805 0.0536 0.1053 0.2
Ethoprophos 1.2731 0.9008 0.4013 0.2
Disulfoton 0.0210 0.0574 0.0740 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.2982 0.2242 0.2487 0.05
Ronnel 0.5031 0.0508 0.4943 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 1.4238 0.0326 0.3170 0.2
Prothofos 2.9083 0.0316 0.0263 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

32
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 9. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected
from Kamarerchar of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.2660 0.0593 0.2161 0.2
Ethoprophos 1.1305 0.4900 0.7406 0.2
Disulfoton 0.1467 0.1250 0.0114 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.1758 1.6150 0.1538 0.05
Ronnel N/D 0.1187 N/D 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.1222 0.0417 0.3589 0.2
Prothofos 0.0794 0.4007 0.0616 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

33
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Residue Level Observations

Table 10. Level of Pesticide residue (mg/kg) estimated from the Different Vegetables collected
from Nakla of Sherpur District

Pesticides Red Spinach Asperagas Beans Sponge Gourd MRL

Dichlorvos 0.0524 0.0287 0.0318 0.2
Ethoprophos 0.1260 1.1951 0.4765 0.2
Disulfoton 0.0838 0.1097 0.0211 Trace
Methyl parathion 0.0786 0.1736 0.0219 0.05
Ronnel N/D 1.8998 N/D 0.1
Chlorpyrifos 0.1938 0.1288 0.5758 0.2
Prothofos 0.1921 0.3647 0.0025 0.01
[N/D= Not Detected]
• MRL values are taken from European Food Safety Authority, Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA)

34
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Trend of the concentration of different pesticide

16

12
Level of Residue(mg/kg)

8 Dichlorvos
Ethoprophos (mg/kg)
4 Disulfoton (mg/kg)
0 Methyl parathion (mg/kg)
ar ia i ra i ar la Fenchlorphos (Ronnel) (mg/kg)
ar ar ila u rd ak
m h o ch
h a
uc
h im tk iak eb er N Chlorpyrifos (mg/kg)
rk ks
h aji al re ar
zi rM Pa B K S am Prothiofos (mg/kg)
ha ha r K
G C
C ha

Locations of Collected Samples

Figure 22. Trend of the concentration of different pesticide residues across different locations of Sherpur District for Red Spinach

35
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Trend of the concentration of different pesticide
5
4.5
4
3.5
Level of Residue(mg/kg)

3
2.5 Dichlorvos
2 Ethoprophos (mg/kg)
1.5 Disulfoton (mg/kg)
1 Methyl parathion (mg/kg)
0.5 Fenchlorphos (Ronnel) (mg/kg)
0 Chlorpyrifos (mg/kg)
ar i ra i r
ria ar hi
la
ku rd ha kla Prothiofos (mg/kg)
ha
m
cha hi
m
j itk lia e bo e rc Na
rk u ks B a Ka Sr
e ar
az
i rM rP
a m
a Ka
Gh Ch Ch
a

Locations of collected samples

Figure 23. Trend of the concentration of different pesticide residues across different locations of Sherpur District for Asparagus Bean

36
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Trend of the concentration of different pesticide
0.8
0.7
Level of Residue(mg/kg)

0.6
0.5
0.4 Dichlorvos
0.3 Ethoprophos (mg/kg)
Disulfoton (mg/kg)
0.2
Methyl parathion (mg/kg)
0.1 Fenchlorphos (Ronnel) (mg/kg)
0 Chlorpyrifos (mg/kg)
ar i ra i ar
ria ar hi
la
ku rd ch kla Prothiofos (mg/kg)
am cha im ij tk lia e bo e r Na
kh u sh e ar
ir rM a k Ba Ka Sr m
az a rP Ka
Gh Ch Ch
a

Locations of collected samples

Figure 24. Trend of the concentration of different pesticide residues across different locations of Sherpur District for Sponge Gourd

37
 SUMMARY
05 AND
CONCLUSION
 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
• Pesticide Residue Analysis
• Examined vegetables: Red Spinach, Asparagus Beans, Sponge Gourd.
• Ethoprophos exceeded Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs):
• Red Spinach: 1.130535 mg/kg (MRL: 0.2 mg/kg).
• Asparagus Beans: 1.195133 mg/kg (MRL: 0.2 mg/kg).

• Other Pesticides Detected

• Dichlorvos: Fluctuated between 0.0072 mg/kg (Char Pakshimari) to 0.2742 mg/kg (Ghazir
Khamar) in Asparagus Beans.
• Disulfoton: Reached 0.351633 mg/kg (Bajitkhila) and dropped to 0.083808 mg/kg (Nakla).

• Implications
• Urgent need for improved pesticide management to ensure safety of agricultural produce.

39
 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Most of the vegetables contain pesticide residue above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) which is set by
the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

• Need for Regulation and Monitoring

• Importance of stringent regulatory frameworks and proactive monitoring mechanisms.
• Emphasis on informed agricultural practices to protect public health and the environment.

Regulatory Measures
•Strengthen enforcement of pesticide regulations to prevent the use of pesticides exceeding MRLs.
•Implement mandatory pesticide residue testing for all agricultural produce before reaching the market.

Improved Agricultural Practices

•Encourage farmers to adopt safer, more sustainable pest management strategies.
•Provide farmers with education on the proper use of pesticides and alternatives to chemical pesticides, such as
integrated pest management (IPM) techniques.

Public Awareness Campaigns

•Raise awareness among consumers about the dangers of pesticide residues and promote the demand for safer
produce.
40
 RECOMMENDATIONS
Continuous Monitoring and Research

• Establish continuous monitoring systems to regularly assess pesticide residue levels in

vegetables and fruits, particularly in high-risk areas like Sherpur District.
• Promote research and development of alternative pest control methods that minimize
the use of harmful chemicals.

Collaboration and Policy Development

• Foster collaboration between policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and scientific

communities to create policies that balance agricultural productivity with public health
safety.
• Review and update existing agricultural policies to reflect current scientific
understanding of pesticide risks and environmental impacts.

41
A Few Clicks
Laboratory of
BCSIR
Extraction of residue
Working with the Honorable Supervisor
Working with the Honorable Co-supervisor
 In the Field
While Collecting
the Vegetable
Samples
Asparagus Bean
Vegetable
Sample
Collection
 Thanks!
Do you have any
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