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unit-5(a)

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Porandla Raviraz
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7 views41 pages

unit-5(a)

Uploaded by

Porandla Raviraz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit -5

AC Motor Drives
CONTROLLING INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED USING
ROTOR RESISTANCE

3 Rr' Vs2
Td 
Equation of Speed-Torque :  Rr' 
2

S  s   Rs 
S

  X s  X r' 
2

   

In a wound rotor induction motor, an 3Vs2 S


external three-phase resistor may be
Td 
 s R 'r
connected to its slip rings,
Conventional Method Of Rotor
Resistance Control

RX
Stator

RX
Rotor

RX
Three-phase
supply
These resistors Rx are used to control motor starting and
stopping anywhere from reduced voltage motors of low
horsepower up to large motor applications such as materials
handling, mine hoists, cranes etc.

The most common applications are:

AC Wound Rotor Induction Motors – where the resistor is wired


into the motor secondary slip rings and provides a soft start as
resistance is removed in steps.

AC Squirrel Cage Motors – where the resistor is used as a ballast


for soft starting also known as reduced voltage starting.

DC Series Wound Motors – where the current limiting resistor is


wired to the field to control motor current, since torque is directly
proportional to current, for starting and stopping.
The developed torque may be varying the
resistance Rx
The torque-speed characteristic for variations in rotor resistance

This method increase the starting torque while limiting the starting
current.
The wound rotor induction motor are widely used in applications
requiring frequent starting and braking with large motor torque
(crane, hoists, etc)
Torque- speed characteristics Of
Induction motor with
Different Rotor resistance
Drawbacks of Conventional Rotor
Resistance Method
 reduced efficiency because the slip
energy is wasted in the rotor circuit
resistance.
Speed changes very widely with
load variation
Unbalance in voltage and current if
rotor circuit resistances are not equal
Advantages of Conventional Rotor
Resistance Method
Static rotor Resistance Control
Waveforms of Static Rotor
Resistance Control
Operation of the circuit When IGBT
is On
Operation of the circuit When IGBT
is OFF State
Analysis Of Rotor Resistance
Control
The Effective resistance is given by,
Contd..
Contd..
Contd..

• The effective Rotor Resistance can be


varied by varying the duty cycle of the
Chopper.
• Therefore, the torque and the speed of the
machine can be controlled by varying the
duty cycle of the chopper.
•
Speed –Torque Characteristics For
Different Values of Rotor Resistance
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF WITH
STATIC ROTOR RESISTANCE CONTROL
Slip Power Recovery Scheme
This system is mainly used for speed control
of slip ring Induction Motor.
The Speed of slip ring Induction motor can be
controlled by controlling the power flow in the
rotor circuit.
We know that the power delivered to the rotor
across the air gap (Pag) is equal to the
Mechanical Power (Pm) delivered to the Load
and the rotor copper Loss (Pcu).
Contd..
Contd..
• The air gap flux of the machines established
by the stator supply and it remains practically
constant if the stator impendence drops and
supply fluctuations are neglected
• The rotor copper loss is proportional to slip
• The speed control of a slip ring induction
motor by rotor resistance have drawbacks
because large slip power is dissipated in the
rotor resistance and thus reduces the
efficiency of the motor at low speeds
Contd..
INDUCTION MOTOR OPERATION WITH
AN INJECTED VOLTAGE IN ITS ROTOR
Conventional Kramer Drive
Static Kramer Drive With Diode
Bridge Rectifier On rotor Side
FIELD CONTROL OF STATIC KRAMER
DRIVE WITH DIODE BRIDGE
Static Kramer Drive With
Controlled Rectifier On rotor Side
FIRING ANGLE CONTROL OF STATIC KRAMER
DRIVE WITH THYRISTOR BRIDGE WITH
CONSTANT MOTOR FIELD
STATIC SHERBIUS DRIVE
A three-phase induction motor, 460, 60Hz, six-pole, Y connected, wound rotor
that speed is controlled by slip power such as shown in Figure below. The
motor parameters are Rs=0.041 , Rr’=0.044 , Xs=0.29 , Xr’=0.44  and
Xm=6.1 . The turn ratio of the rotor to stator winding is nm=Nr/Ns=0.9. The
inductance Ld is very large and its current Id has negligible ripple.

The value of Rs, Rr’, Xs and Xr’ for equivalent circuit can be considered
negligible compared with the effective impedance of Ld. The no-load of motor is
negligible. The losses of rectifier and Dc chopper are also negligible.
The load torque, which is proportional to speed square is 750 Nm at 1175 rpm.
(a) If the motor has to operate with a minimum speed of 800 rpm, determine
the resistance R, if the desired speed is 1050 rpm,
(b) Calculate the inductor current Id.
(c) The duty cycle k of the DC chopper.
(d)The voltage Vd.
(e)The efficiency.
(f)The power factor of input line of the motor.
460
Vs  265.58 volt
3

p 6

 2 x 60 377 rad / s

 s 2 x 377 / 6 125.66 rad / s


The dc voltage at the rectifier output is :

Vd I d Re I d R (1  k )
and
Nr
Er S Vs S Vs nm
Ns

For a three-phase rectifier, relates Er and Vd as :

Vd 1.65 x 2 Er 2.3394 Er
Nr
Using : E r S Vs S Vs nm
Ns
Vd 2.3394 S Vs n m
Pr
If Pr is the slip power, air gap power is : Pg 
S
Pr 3Pr (1  S )
Developed power is : Pd 3( Pg  Pr ) 3(  S) 
S S
Because the total slip power is 3Pr = Vd Id and Pd TL m
So, (1  S )Vd I d
Pd  TLm TLm (1  S )
S

Substituting Vd from Vd 2.3394 S Vs n m In equation Pd above, so


:
Solving for Id gives : TL s
Id 
2.3394 Vs nm

Which indicates that the inductor current is independent of the speed.

From equation : Vd I d Re I d R (1  k ) and equation : Vd 2.3394 S Vs n m


So, I d R (1  k ) 2.3394 S Vs n m
I R (1  k )
Which gives : S d
2.3394 S Vs n m
I d R (1  k )
The speed can be found from equation : S as :
2.3394 S Vs n m
 I d R (1  k ) 
m  s (1  S )  s 1  
 2. 3394 V n
s m

 TL s R(1  k ) 
m  s 1  2
 ( 2.3394 V n
s m ) 

Which shows that for a fixed duty cycle, the speed decrease with load
torque. By varying k from 0 to 1, the speed can be varied from minimum
value to s

m 180  / 30 83.77 rad / s


2
 K v m
From torque equation : TL
2
 800 
750 x   347.67 Nm
 1175 
TL s
From equation : Id  The corresponding inductor current is :
2.3394 Vs nm
347.67 x 125.66
Id  78.13 A
2.3394 x 265.58 x 0.9

The speed is minimum when the duty-cycle k is zero and equation :


 I d R (1  k ) 
m  s (1  S )  s 1  
 2. 3394 V n
s m

78.13 R
83.77 125.66(1  )
2.3394 x 265.58 x 0.9

And : R 2.3856 
STATIC SHERBIUS DRIVE
Motor and Drive Equivalent Circuit
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF
STATIC SCHERBIUS DRIVE
STATIC KRAMER DRIVE

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