Introduction to

DWDM SYSTEM
 Why DWDM?
Band Width Demand because:

• Growth of voice traffic

• IP traffic
• Data traffic
Telemedicine
Video conferencing
Remote education
Mobile telephony
 DWDM Development

→ 4×2.5Gb/s
→16×2.5Gb/s
→32×2.5Gb/s
→32×10Gb/s
→160×10Gb/s =1.6Tb/s
Wavelength=V/F=2.99792458x108/192.1x1012=0.0156061x10-4m
= 156061x10-4 m/105 =1560.61 x10-9m=1560.6nm
V= 2.99792458x108 m/sec F=192.1THz=192.1x1012Hz
 Advantages
• Long haul transmission
• High capacity
• Use existing optical fibers
• High performance-to-cost ratio
• Easy up-gradation
• No electrical connection
 Application Modes(Open & Integrated)
Open system
DMUX MUX
16-OTU 16-OTU
Optical amplifier
Access channels

Access channels
OSC
 Integrated system
DMUX MUX

Access channels
Optical amplifier
Access channels

OSC

In Integrated system no need of OTU, SDH Signals compliance

with G.692 signal, Client side conversion.
Multiplexer Demultiplexer
 De-multiplexer
λ 1-4

λ1

λ2

λ3

λ4
Glass
 Application of Amplifiers
De-multiplexer Multiplexer

WPA WLA WBA

WPA: Pre-amplifier
WLA: Line amplifier
WBA: Booster amplifier

EDFA can range O/P Power from +14 dBm to +22 dBm.
Different vendors may offer even higher output powers
 Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA)

Optical splitter ISO WDM WDM Optical coupler

Signal input
TAP

Optical isolator EDF

PD Pumping laser
Pumping laser
EDF

ISO

Signal output TAP

PD Optical detector
 Energy Level Diagram of Er3+
The outer shell of Er3+ have three levels structure (E1, E2 and
E3), Where E1 is ground state, E2 is meta-stable state and
E3 is high level.
When external pumping laser used to excite the EDF, lot of
bound Electrons of Erbium ions are excited from ground level
(E1) to high level (E3).
High level is not stable, soon dropped to the E2 level via a
radiation less process. Particles gather on this level.
When an optical signal passes through this EDF, particles in
the meta-stable state are shifted to ground level, by radiation
photons identical to the photons of the signal. This greatly
increase the quantity of the photons in the signal. Hence the
service signal is amplified
EDFA Principle

E3

E2

E1
 Optical supervisory channel
TCP/IP

NE3 NE2 GNE1

• OSC Operating wavelength 1510nm
• 2Mb/s full management with order
wire phone
• Insert/extract data
NMS (T2000)
• No need of amplification
Two types of Information
NMS Information (D1 to D12 Bytes)
Order wire (E1 & E2 Bytes)
Frame structure of Optical Supervisory Channel

0 1 2 3 14 15 16 31

• TS0: FAS
• TS1: E1
• TS2: F1
• TS3-TS14: D1-D12
• TS15: E2
• TS16-TS31: reserved
Reference points
(ITU-T Recommendation)
s in g le -fib e r
u n id ire c tio n a l
m e th o d
f1 SD1
R m1 R1
T x1 R x1
S1
R’ S’ SD2
f2 R m2  
T x2 M UX OA R x2
DEM UX
S2 R2
M PI-S M PI-R
fN SDn
T xN R mn R xN
Sn Rn

O SC
R x1 T x1
R1
S’ R’ R m2
f2 SD2  
R x2 DEM UX OA T x2
M UX
R2 S2
fN M PI-R M PI-S
R mn
R xN SDDn T xN
Cabinet of DWDM
1- Power Box
2- ODF Sub-Rack
3- Equipment Sub-Rack/Interfaces
4- Rack Interface
 Power Box
1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Note: 1. -48V ( Ist. Supply source Line); 2. -48V (2nd.Supply source Line);
3. Alarm clearing switch; 4. Sound/light test switch; 5. Indicator; 6. Master
switch (the first line); 7. Master switch (the second line); 8. Protection
ground; 9. Power ground; 10. Power switch of the upper subrack; 11. Power
switch of the lower subrack; 12. PMU board.
ODF Sub-Rack
1- Upper ODF (44 interfaces)
2- Middle Sub-Rack (60 interfaces)
3- Lower Subrack (60 interfaces)
 Upper ODF
35 29 23 17 11 5
41 36 30 24 18 12 6 1
42 37 31 25 19 13 7
43 38 32 26 20 14 8
44 39 33 27 21 15 9 4
40 34 28 22 16 10

1: SCA-RI (Line Fiber) 4: SCA-TO (Line Fiber)

5 to 20: M16I1-M16I16 (From SDH)
23 to 38: D16-O1- D16-O16 (To SDH)
42-43: SC2-RM2-SC2-TM2
 Middle/Lower ODF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Equipment Sub-Rack
1- Optical Conversion Sub-Rack (OCS)
2- Optical Integrated Sub-Rack (OIS)
3- Optical Amplifier Sub-Rack (OAS)
ABBRIVIATIONS
1- TWC Transmitting Wave length Conversion Board
2- RWC Receiving Wavelength Conversion Board
3- LWC Line Wavelength Conversion Board(TWC+RWC)
4- M16/D16 16 Channel Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer Board
5- SCA Supervisory Channel Access Board
6- SC1/2 Single/Dual Supervisory Channel Board
7- MR2 Two Wavelength Add/Drop Multiplexer Board
8- SCC System Control & Communication Board
9- OHP Overhead Processor Board
10- WPA Wavelength Pre-Amplifier Board
11- WBA Wavelength Booster Amplifier Board
12- WLA Wavelength Line Amplifier Board
 Optical Conversion Sub-Rack

External
Interfaces:
1- Ethernet (RJ-45)
2- BNC (Coax cable)
3- O.W Phone
4- Serial Interface
T T T T T T T T T T T T S O 5- F1 Interface
/ / / / / / / / / / / / C H 6- Clock Interface
R R R R R R R R R R R R C P 7- Power Interface
W W W W W W W W W W W W 8- Fan Interface
C C C C C C C C C C C C
Optical Integrated Sub-Rack

W W M D L L S S S O
B P 1 1 W W C C C H
A A 6 6 C C A 1 C P
Optical Amplifier Sub-Rack

W W W W M S S S S O
B P B P S C C C C H
A A A A 2 A A 2 C P
Network Element Types

FOUR TYPES OF NETWORK ELEMENTS

1- Optical Terminal Multiplexer (OTM)
2- Optical Line Multiplexer (OLA)
3- Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM)
4- Regenerator

OTM OADM OLA REG OTM

1- OTM (optical Terminal Multiplexer
RI
A W R
D W
S P C
RO 16
A M
M D
32 S
RM
C S D

C H
TM
1
A
TO TI A
A M T
W W
B 16
C
M A
M
M 32
 2- OLA (optical Line Amplifier)
A TI TO
RI RO A W W
S P B S
A M A
M

RM1 TM2
C S C
West East
TM1
C
RM2
2

TO A A RO RI
TI W
A A
W P
B
M A M A
3- OADM (Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing)
RM1 TM2
SC2
RM2
TM1 TO
RI SCC OHP

O O O O
T T T T
West U U U U East
WPA 1 2 1 2
S WBA S
C C
A A
TO RO MR2 TI RI
MR2
TI RO

WBA WPA
1 2 1  2
O O O O
T T T T
U U U U
 OADM ( Two Back to Back OTM’s)
A
A R T M TI TO
RI RO W W
D W W 16
S P C A B S
16 C
A M M A

M M
S S TM
RM TM
C S D D C
RM
C RM H H
TM
2
A
A A RI
TO
A TI R W A
M T W
W D
W C P RO
B 16 C 16
M A M A

M
M
West East
 4- REG ( Regenerator)
A
A T M TI TO
RI RO W W
D W 16
S P B S
16 C
A M M A

M M

RM TM TM
C S C
West East
C RM
TM
2
RM

A A RI
TO TI
A M T W A
W D
W P RO
B 16 C 16
M A M A

M
M
Optical Supervisory Channel

GNE1 NE2 NE3

SC1 SC2 SC1

SCC SCC SCC

OHP OHP OHP

NMS
 SLOT LIMITATION
IU14: SCC
IU15: OHP

IU1~IU13 can be inserted with the following boards:

TWC (STM-16 Transmitting Wavelength Conversion Unit)

LWC (STM-16 Line Wavelength Conversion Unit)
RWC (STM-16 Receiving Wavelength Conversion Unit)
MS2 (Dual Directional Supervising Unit For Multi-channel)
SCA (Supervising Channel Access Unit)
 SLOT LIMITATION
IU2~IU12 can be inserted with the following boards:
WLA (WDM Optical Line Amplifier Unit)
WBA (WDM Optical Booster Amplifier Unit)
WPA (WDM Optical Preamplifier Unit)
D16 (16-channel De-multiplexer Unit)
M16 (16-channel Multiplexer Unit)

IU10~IU13 can be inserted with the following boards:

SC2 (Dual Directional Optical Supervising Channel Unit)
SC1 (Single Directional Optical Supervising Channel Unit)
 TWC/RWC/LWC Board
Function:
TWC

1. Converts the SDH signal (G.957) to DWDM

Signals (G.692) with specific wavelength
RUN

(1548.51 ~1560.6 nm & 192.1 ~193.6 THz)

ALM

2. Regenerating section B1 byte monitoring

IN

3. Monitoring functions of I/P & O/P power

4. Automatic laser shutdown function(ALS) if
no I/P is received.

OUT

•Function of Green, Red indicators on board

Description of indicators
Green indicator: Operation status indicator
1- Flash five times per second: the board isn't in working,
waiting for configuration data
2- One sec ON one sec OFF: normal operation status

Red indicator:
1- Flash 3 times per second: Critical alarm
2- Flash twice per second: Major alarm
3- Flash once per second: Minor alarm
4- ON: Board fail
Description of indicator
Yellow indicator (ETN): (Only in SCC Board)
1- ON: NE & NMS connection is normal
2- OFF: NE & NMS connection is broken
3- Flashes: Data Exchange ( NE Boards & NMS)
 Optical Mux/Demux Unit
(M16/D16)
Function:
1- M16 Combines the wavelength and D16 separates the signals.
2- Split main channel optical power to monitor
each wavelength channel.
3- Communication with the SCC Board through mail box.
D16 Board M16 Board

D16 M16

RUN RUN

OUT ALM
IN ALM
01 03 05 01 03 05

02 04 06 02 04 06
07 09 11 07 09 11

08 09 12 08 09 12

13 15 17 IN 13 15 17 Out

Mon Mon
14 16 18 14 16 18
 Alarms M16/D16 Boards

BDSTATUS: No board in slot

NO-BD-SOFT: board no configured(no software)
MUT-LOS: Loss of multi-signal
 SC1/SC2 (OSC processing board)
1. Single directional Supervisory Board SC1 used at OTM
and Dual directional Supervisory Board SC2 used at
OADM/OLA/REG

2. Extracts E1, E2, F1 and D1~D12 bytes and sends them

to SCC & OHP Board for processing

3. Exchanges data with SCC and OHP

5. Pass through the Supervisory Channel if SCC Board is

out of slot.
 OSC processing board
SC1 SC2

RUN RUN

ALM ALM

RM1
RM

TM1

RM2

TM

TM2
 Optical Supervisory
Channel Access board
SCA

SCA Board: TI RI

It multiplex & de-multiplex the main channels and

RO
the optical supervisory channel.
TO

RM

TM
Supervisory Channel Access Board SC1

TI TO
M16

S
TM To/From
C
SC1 Line Fiber
A
RM

D16
RO RI
 Multi-Channel Processing Unit

MS1/MS2:
1.provides built-in on-line optical spectrum analysis
and monitoring functions

2.monitors wavelength and power of the signals

coming from M16, D16 and OA without interrupting the
existing services
 Optical Amplifier Board

WBA:Optical Booster Amplifier board

Used at Transmission side
WLA:Optical line Amplifier board
Used at OLA station to Amplify the main channel signal
WPA:Optical Preamplifier board used at Receive side
to increase the sensitivity
S/No. Name of Board I/P One wavelength Gain O/P
1- WBA01 -18dbm 23 5
2- WBA03 -15dbm 23 8
3- WPA01 -28dbm 23 5
4- WLA05 -28dbm 33 5

Bar Code of WBA01 : W 16 WBA01 G 23 I –18

Bar Code of WBA03 : W 16 WBA03 G 23 I –15
Bar Code of WPA01 : W 16 WPA01 G 23 I –28
Bar Code of WLA05 : W 16 WLA05 G 33 I –28
For n Channels input= -18 +10 log n (For WBA01)
SCC Board (System Control
& Communication)
Functions:

1. Communicating with boards through mail boxes,

2. Implements board configurations
3. Collect board performance and alarm data
4.Communication with the network management system
5. ID of the NE through dip switches
6. Stores the NE Data in four databases (mrdb, drdb, fdbo & fdb1)
 SCC Board
SCC

RUN

ALM

What does the indicator flash mean? ETN

RST

ALC
Description of indicator
Yellow indicator (ETN): (Only in SCC Board)
1- ON: NE & NMS connection is normal
2- OFF: NE & NMS connection is broken
3- Flashes: Data transmission ( NE Boards & NMS)
 OHP Board
OHP board:
1.Provides order wire functions & conference call

2.Processing E1& E2 bytes of the supervisory

channel
 OHP Board

OHP

RUN

ALM

What does the indicator flash mean?

 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5
129.9.0.1 129.9.0.2 129.9.0.3 129.9.0.4 129.9.0.5

UTP Cable
HUB/Switch

GNE1 NE2 NE3