SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING

(SMAW)
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you are
expected to do the following:
1.Select and classify hand tools and
equipment;
2.Use hand tools and equipment; and
3.Maintain hand tools.
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
9 10 11

12 13 14
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Adjustable Wrench- a tool with
movable jaw which makes it
adjustable to various sizes of nuts.
 Ball Peen Hammer- a tool
for straightening bending and
deforming metals
 CHIPPING HAMMER- used for
removing slag on weld and with two
faces, the tapered from one side and
round pointed on the other side.
 COLD CHISEL- a wedge-
shaped tool used to shear,
cut and chip metal.
 FILE TOOLS- made of high-grade steel
hardened and tempered. A file has rows
of teeth that form, shape and finish metal
by removing small chips and smoothing
rough edges of metal surface.
HACKSAW- a tooth-
cutting tool usually
with a solid and
adjustable frame.
 Lubricating Tools- a process of
maintenance wherein oil is put in
between moving parts of a tool or
equipment to prevent the tool from
rust or damage.
Maintenance- following routine
procedures to keep the tools or
equipment at its most efficient
condition.
Measuring tools- tools used to
measure the dimension of an
object or metal.
 Micrometer caliper- a precision
measuring instrument used to measure
dimensions in thousandths of an inch.
Vernier caliper- a precision measuring
instrument used to measure the inside,
outside diameter, as well as depth of
hole and slot.
Pliers- a tool for holding, cutting and
twisting wires.
Punches tools- used for permanent
marking on surface of metal.
Scraper- a tool for removing points,
burrs, and sharp edges from metal
surface and similar parts.
 Screw driver- a hand tool that is
designed to turn screws. The blade is
made of steel, attached to one end of
which a wooden or plastic handle.
 Tightening/loosening- a process
where tools and equipment are adjusted
based on standard procedure.
Try square- an instrument used
to measure the squareness of an
object.
 Wrench- used for loosening and
tightening light and heavy nuts and
bolts.
LEARNING OUTCOME 1- Select and
classify hand tools and equipment
 Hand tools selected are appropriate
to the requirements of the task.
 Unsafe or defective tools are
identified and marked for repair
according to procedure.
Classification of Hand Tools
1. Measuring tools
2. Cutting tools
3. Driving tools and
4. Holding tools
MEASURING TOOLS
1.Pull-push rule. This flexible rule when extended will support
itself, but may also be used to measure curved, irregular surfaces.
Steel tape rule blade is usually ½ inch wide and 72 inches long. The
graduation is sixteenths, except for the first 6 inches which are
graduated in thirty-seconds of an inch.
2. Steel tape is similar to a steel tape rule
except for its flexible number of feet that are
marked on the tape. The tape is 3/8 inch wide and
available in lengths from 25 to 100 feet.
3. Steel rule. This is the most common tool used in
tool room. It is made of tampered steel about 1/8 inch
thick and ¾ inch wide and 6 to 12 inches long. The same
style maybe obtained in length from 1 to 48 inches.
4. Try square is an instrument used
to measure the square of an object.
5. Combination square. It is
an instrument combined with 45°,
90° and a protractor.
6. Micrometer caliper. Is a
precision measuring instrument used to
measure dimensions in thousandths of an
inch.
7. Vernier caliper is a precision
measuring instrument used to measure the
inside, outside diameter, as well as depth of
hole and slot.
8. Dividers. These are used for
measuring or setting of distances,
and to lay out arcs and circles.
CUTTING TOOLS
1.Hacksaw is a tooth cutting tool usually with a solid
and adjustable frame. The main parts are handles,
blade, tightening screw and nuts. The tool is mainly
used in cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, bars,
angular, etc. but of minimal thickness, width and
length. Sometimes this tool is used for cutting plastic
pipes and other materials that suit to its purpose.
 Frame. It is the main body of the hacksaw which holds the
blade.
The different types of frames are the following:
a.Fixed or solid frames are intended to hold only one size of
blade at about 10 inches long
b.Adjustable frame is frame that can be adjusted to hold
blades of different sizes such as 10, 12 and 14 inches in
length.
 Blade. It is made of thin, high-grade steel usually 1.27 mm thick
and 30.48cm long with an inclined row of teeth serving as cutter.
The two types of blades are:
• a. All hard In this type, the entire blade is hardened and
tempered, making it very brittle. Use this type in cutting steel
and cast iron.
• b. Flexible back. In this type, only the teeth portion is hardened
and tempered, making the blade springy and less likely to break.
The following are the recommended teeth-per-inch of blades for
different kinds of stocks to be cut:
•1. 14 teeth-per-inch. It is used for brass, aluminum, cast iron
and soft iron.
•2. 18 teeth-per-inch. It is used for drill rod, mild steel, tool
steel and general work
•3. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubing and
pipe.
2. Files are made of high-grade steel which are hardened
and tempered. Each file has rows of teeth that form, shape
and finish metal by removing small chips and smoothing rough
edges of the metal surface. They differ in length, shape, cut
and coarseness.
Kinds of Files
a.Mill file a single-cut file used
for filing and finishing brass and
bronze.
b. Flat file is usually rectangular in
shape and tapered slightly in width
and thickness. It is one of the most
commonly used files for general work.
c. Square file is intended for
filing square or rectangular
holes.
d. Round file is used
primarily for enlarging holes.
e. Half-round file is used for
filing curved or concave
surfaces.
f. A triangular file is used for filing
surfaces that meet at least 90º. It is
exclusively used for sharpening wood saws and for
smoothening rectangular opening. It is also known
as three- square file.
3. Cold chisel. A wedge-
shaped tool used to shear,
cut, and chip metal.
Types of Cold Chisel and their Particular Functions
a. Flat chisel is used for chipping flat surfaces; cutting
off rivets or metal fasteners, thin
sheets, and small bars; and for general purposes. Its
cutting edge ranges from 13 to
25mm.
b. Cape chisel has a narrow
edge suited for cutting narrow
grooves or slots.
c. Diamond-point chisel has
a diamond-shaped cutting
edge intended to cut V-
grooves.
d. Round-nose chisel has a
round nose cutting edge for
cutting round and semi-circular
grooves.
4. Scraper is used in removing points, burrs and sharp
edges from metal surface and similar parts. This tool is
made of hardened steel of various shapes that fit
according to each purpose. There are bearing scrapes,
flat, sharper, three-connected scraper.
Types of scrapers and their uses:
a.For the removal of the high
spots on metal surface.

b. For scraping the surface of cylindrical

bearing when fitting shafts into place.

c. For the removal of burrs and sharp internal

edges from soft brushing and similar parts.
5. Punches are used for
permanent marking on the
surface of metal.
Kinds And Uses of Punches
a.Prick punch A small center punch
which is also known as a layout puncher.
Its point is placed an angle of 30
degrees.
b. Center punch has one
end guard to a 90 degrees
conical point.
DRIVING TOOLS
1.Hammers
a.Ball peen hammer is used for straightening bending and
deforming metals. It has two faces. One is flat in striking cold
chisels and punches. The other side the “peen” is rounded for
bending and shaping metals.
• Ball peen hammer generally has a wood or fiberglass handle
measuring 10-16 inches long. Head weight ranges from 2-48
oz. A 20oz hammer is good for general purpose.
b. Chipping hammer is used for
removing slag on weld and with two
faces, the tapered from one side and
round pointed on the other side.
2. Wrench is used for loosening
and tightening light and heavy
nuts and bolts.
Different Kinds and Sizes of Wrenches Designed
According to Uses and Functions
a.An adjustable wrench has a movable jaw which makes it
adjustable to various sizes of nuts. A heavy type of adjustable
wrench is the monkey/pipe wrench.

b. Pipe Wrench
c. Oxy acetylene wrench- A type of wrench used for tightening
hose and fitting connection on oxy-acetylene unit.

d. An open-ended wrench is one that is made to fit one size of

nut or bolt. This is the most inexpensive type of wrench that is
quite efficient in ordinary situations.
1.Single-ended

2. Double-ended
e. A closed-end wrench is similar to a single ended wrench, but
as it entirely encloses a nut, there is a little danger of the wrench
slipping off the nut or the jaws spreading apart.
1.Single-ended

2. Double-ended

f. Socket wrench is a tool with a usually interchangeable socket

to fit over a nut or bolt.
3.Screwdriver is hand tool that is
designed to turn screws. The blade is
made of steel, attached to one end of a
wooden or plastic handle.
Types of screwdrivers
a.Flattened screwdriver

b. Phillips screw driver

c. Helical-ratchet screw driver.

HOLDING TOOLS
1.Clamps are made of different sizes and appearance that are
fitted to its purpose. These devices have been designed to hold
work securely which performing skills through grinding,
bending, fitting and cutting of metals.
Types of clamps and metal vises:
a.Tool maker clamp is used for holding small parts both at the
bench and at the machine. This tool is also known as a parallel
clamp.

b. C-Clamp is an all-purpose clamp that is generally used for all

kinds of work.
c. Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaw that
easily goes back or forth by raising the handle.

d. Machinist vise is a work holding tool for machining

activity.
e. Hand vise V block with clamp is used to hold metal stocks
for small machining operation.

f. Vise Grip is a tool used to grip the stock tight enough to hold
the object.
g. Tong is used to hold the metal
to be forged and must be held
securely while working.
h. Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires.
1.Combination pliers

2. Side-cutting pliers

3. Long nose pliers

4. Slip-joint pliers/Mechanical pliers