W H AT I S A N
O P E RAT I N G S Y S T E M
(OS)?
An operating system (OS) is collection of
software that manages computer hardware
resources and provides common services for
computer programs. The operating system is a
vital component of the system software in a
computer system. Application programs
usually require an operating system to
function.
H I S T O RY O F O S
late 1950s 1960s 1981
*Operating systems were first *In the mid-1960s, operating *The first OS built by Microsoft
developed in the late 1950s to systems started to use disks was DOS. It was built in 1981
manage tape storage. by purchasing the 86-DOS
software from a Seattle
company
*The present-day popular OS
*The General Motors Research Windows first came to
Lab implemented the first OS in *In the late 1960s, the first existence in 1985 when GUI
the early 1950s for their IBM version of the Unix OS was was created and paired with
701 developed MS-DOS.
early 1950s late 1960s 1985
FUNCTION OF OS
* Providing a user interface.
* Running applications.
* Support for built in utility
programs.
*Control to the computer
hardware.
Process Management
Memory management
1/0 Device management
COMPONENT
OF OS
Network management
Network services
User interface
Multi-user vs. Single-user
Multi-tasking vs. Single-
TYPES OF
O P E RAT I N G
tasking
SYSTEM Distributed
Embedded
A real-time operating
system is a multitasking
operating system that
aims at executing real-
time applications.
R E A L -T I M E
Responds to input
instantly.
A multi-user operating system
allows multiple users to access a
computer system concurrently.
Time-sharing system can be
M U LT I - U S E R classified as multi-user systems
VS. SINGLE as they enable a multiple user
access to a computer through the
USER sharing of time.
Single-user operating systems,
are usable by a single user at a
time.
When a single program
is allowed to run at a
time, the system is
M U LT I -
grouped under a single-
TA S K I N G V S . tasking system.
SINGLE- While in case the
TA S K I N G
operating allows system
execution of classied as
a multi-tasking operating
system.
DISTRIBUTED
A distributed operating system manages a
group of independent computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer.
The development of networked computers that
could be linked and communicate with each
other, gave rise to distributed computing.
EMBEDDED
Embedded operating systems They are designed to operate They are able to operate with
are designed to be used in 0 n small machines like PDAs a limited number of
embedded computer with less autonomy. resources.
systems.
F E AT U R E S O F O P E RAT I N G S Y S T E M
RELIABLE. OPERATIONAL AT ALL TIMES. SHOULD COORDINATE AND HAVE GOOD
CONTROL OF INPUT AND OUTPUT
OPERATIONS AND THE DEVICES ON
WHICH THEY ARE PERFORMED.
ADVANTAGES OF OS DIS ADVANTAGES
If any problems affected
in OS, you may lose all
Easy to use User friendly Intermediate
between all
hardware’s and
software’s of the
the contents which have
system
been stored already
Unwanted user can use
No need to know any It’s the platform of all
technical languages programs
your own system
LINUX
An open-source, Unix-like operating system
that’s available for free and easy to
customize. Linux is widely used across
devices, including personal computers,
servers, and smartphones.
TIMELINE OF LINUX
1991 1994 1998 2000 2004
Linus Torvalds, a 21- Torvalds releases Major companies The GNOME and Canoncial Ltd.
year-old Finish version 1.0 of Linux like IBM, Compaq, KDE desktop Releases Ubuntu
student, announces and Oracle environments 4.10, which makes
the Linux kernel announce their evolve Linux more
support for Linux accessible to non-
geek users
IBM joins forces with The SCO Group sues
Red Hat and Dell IBM for $1 billion, linus Torvalds creates
The Linux kernel is begins pre-installing claiming Linux Git, which
relicensed under the The Linux mascot, Linux on some contains copyrighted revolutionizes
GNU GPL Tux, is introduced servers Unix code version control
1992 1996 1999 2003 2005
A proprietary graphical OS
WINDOWS developed and marketed by
Microsoft
Windows
7 is
Windows released,
Microsoft 1.0 is addressin
begins released g
work on a to performan
program manufact ce issues
called uring in from its Windows Windows
“Interface the United predecess 10 is 11 is
Manage” States or, Vista released released
TIMELINE OF 19
1
9
1
9
1
9
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0 20
81 8 8 9 0 1 1 1 21
WINDOWS 3 5 5 9 1 5 7
“Interface Windows Windows Windows
Manager” 95 is 8 and 8.1 10 S is
is released released released
announce with a
d as new user
“Windows interface,
” including
the Start
menu and
taskbar
MAC- OS
A proprietary graphical OS for Apple
Desktops and laptops. The Mac OS kernel is
based on the Unix kernel, which was the
forerunner of Linux.
Mac OS X 10.2 macOS Monterey
Mac OS X Server (Jaguar) is is released in
1.0 is released, released, which October and is
but it doesn’t features a new the first macOS mac OS 15
have the look with a release named Sequoia is
signature Aqua refined Aqua after California released in
user interface interface location September
2001 2011 2022
TIMELINE OF
MAC- OS 1999 2002 2021 2024
Mac OS X 10.0,
the desktop
version for Mac OS X 10.7 macOS Ventura is
regular users, is (Lion) is released, released in
released in which includes October 2
March. Mac OS X features like
10.1 (Puma) is launchpad and
released in multi-touch
September, gestures
which includes an
improved Aqua
interface and
better printer
support
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