Cloud Computing Infrastructure and

Services
Lecture : 4
Prepared by: Hassan Nawaz
 Key Components of the Cloud Market/ Cloud
Computing Deployment Model

1. Private Cloud
2. Public Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud
4. Community Cloud
5. Multi-cloud
 Public Cloud:

Services offered over the public internet and available to anyone who
wants to purchase them.

• Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS): The largest player in the market, offering a
vast array of services including computing power (EC2), storage (S3), and databases
(RDS). AWS is used by companies like Netflix, Airbnb, and Unilever for their
infrastructure needs.
• Microsoft Azure: Known for its strong integration with Microsoft products, Azure is
popular among enterprises that use Windows Server, SQL Server, and Microsoft
Office products. Examples include Samsung and Adobe.
• Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Strong in data analytics and machine learning
services. Companies like Twitter and Spotify rely on Google Cloud for data storage
and analysis
 Public Cloud (Continue)
• A public cloud is owned and operated by a third-party cloud
service provider, and the infrastructure is made available to the
public over the internet. Public clouds are owned and operated
by third-party providers and are available to the public over
the internet. They offer pay-as-you-go pricing and are suitable
for businesses that don't want to invest in their own
infrastructure.
• Examples of public cloud providers include Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google CloudPlatform.
 Advantages of Public Cloud
•Cost-Effective
• No need for upfront investment in hardware or infrastructure.
• Pay-as-you-go model allows for payment based on actual usage.
• Reduces maintenance costs as providers handle updates and repairs.
•Scalability and Flexibility
• Easily scale resources up or down according to business needs.
• Supports fluctuating workloads, making it ideal for startups and growing businesses.
•Reliability and Redundancy
• High availability with multiple data centers in various geographic locations.
• Built-in disaster recovery and backup options to ensure business continuity.
•Access to Cutting-Edge Technology
• Continuous access to new features like AI/ML, Big Data analytics, IoT.
• No need for businesses to invest in specialized hardware or software.
•Ease of Management
• Providers manage hardware, software updates, and security patches.
• Simplifies IT operations, allowing focus on strategic growth.
 Advantages of Public Cloud (Continue)

Global Reach and Accessibility

•Services accessible from anywhere with internet connectivity, promoting remote work.
•Deploy applications closer to users, reducing latency and improving performance.

Optimized Cost Management

•Ability to negotiate better pricing with multiple providers.

•Optimize spending by choosing cost-effective services and regions.
 Disadvantages of Public Cloud
Security and Privacy Concerns
•Data stored on shared infrastructure; potential for data breaches or unauthorized access.
•Compliance issues for highly regulated industries (e.g., healthcare, finance).

Limited Control and Customization

•Standardized environments can limit specific configurations and customizations.
•Less control over underlying infrastructure compared to private cloud or on-premises solutions.

Potential for Downtime and Service Outages

•Outages or disruptions can impact business operations and lead to downtime.
•Important to have robust backup and disaster recovery strategies in place.

Ongoing Operational Costs

•Costs can escalate over time due to data egress fees and unused resources.
•Requires careful monitoring and management to avoid high costs
 Disadvantages of Public Cloud (Continue)

Performance Variability

•Shared resources can lead to unpredictable performance (e.g., noisy neighbor effect).
•Performance tuning and monitoring are needed to ensure consistent quality.

Compliance Challenges

•Managing data across multiple regions and ensuring compliance with local laws can be complex.
•Organizations may need additional tools and expertise to handle multi-region compliance.
 Private Cloud

Dedicated cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization,

either on-premise or hosted by a third party.
Private clouds are owned and operated by a single organization and are not
shared with any other organization. They offer the benefits of the cloud,
such as scalability and cost savings, while maintaining the security and
control of a private infrastructure. Private clouds can be hosted on-premises
or off-premises.
• Examples:
– IBM Cloud: Often used by financial institutions for
private cloud solutions to keep data secure and
compliant.
– Oracle Cloud: Used by companies needing high-
performance computing for specific business
applications, such as in banking or healthcare.
 Advantages of Private Cloud
• Better Control:
Full Ownership: Organizations have complete control over the cloud infrastructure, allowing them to
customize hardware, storage, and network configurations to suit specific needs.
Custom Policies: Ability to implement custom security policies, access controls, and governance measures
that align with organizational standards.
Optimized Performance: Dedicated resources eliminate the "noisy neighbor" effect, leading to more
consistent and predictable performance.

• Data Security and Privacy:

Dedicated Environment: Data is stored on dedicated hardware, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.
Enhanced Security Measures: Organizations can implement advanced security measures like encryption,
firewalls, and intrusion detection systems.
Compliance with Data Residency Requirements: Easier to comply with regulations that require data to be
stored in specific locations or jurisdictions.
 Advantages of Private Cloud (Continue)
• Supports Legacy Systems:
Compatibility: Private clouds can be tailored to work with existing legacy applications and systems that
may not be compatible with public cloud environments.
Smooth Integration: Easier integration with on-premises systems, allowing organizations to migrate to
the cloud at their own pace

• Customization:
Tailored Solutions: Organizations can customize everything from the hardware to software, network
configurations, and security settings to meet specific business needs.
Advanced Configuration Options: Greater flexibility to optimize configurations for specific applications
or workloads, such as high-performance computing or big data analytics.
 Disadvantages of Private Cloud
• High Initial Costs and Maintenance Complexity
– Infrastructure Investment: Significant upfront capital investment is required to purchase and maintain
hardware, storage, networking equipment, and software licenses.
– Data Center Setup: Setting up data centers involves substantial costs related to real estate, power,
cooling, and security systems.
– High Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): The total cost over time can be higher due to ongoing maintenance,
upgrades, and management.
• Maintenance Complexity
– Need for Skilled IT Staff: Requires in-house or outsourced IT professionals to manage, maintain, and
secure the infrastructure.
– Ongoing Upgrades and Patches: Regular updates, patches, and hardware replacements are needed to
keep the system secure and efficient.
– Resource Management: Complexity in managing resources efficiently to avoid over-provisioning or
under-utilization.
 Disadvantages of Private Cloud
• Limited Scalability:
– Capacity Constraints: Scaling up often requires additional
hardware purchases, which takes time and adds cost.
– Not Ideal for Unpredictable Workloads: Unlike public clouds,
which provide on-demand scalability, private clouds struggle
with sudden spikes in demand without prior capacity planning.
– Difficulty in Expanding Beyond On-Premises: Limited by the
physical infrastructure and data center capabilities, making
expansion challenging.
 Disadvantages of Private Cloud
• Limited Access to Advanced Services:
• Lacks Public Cloud Innovation Pace: Public cloud providers
continuously innovate and offer cutting-edge services like
AI, ML, and advanced analytics. Private clouds may lack
access to these rapidly evolving technologies.
• Higher Cost for Advanced Tools: Implementing such tools
and technologies in a private environment can be
significantly more expensive.
 Disadvantages of Private Cloud
• Disaster Recovery Challenges:
• Expensive and Complex Setup: Setting up robust disaster recovery and backup solutions within a private cloud
can be complex and costly.
• Risk of Single Point of Failure: If not designed properly, a private cloud can have single points of failure that
affect business continuity.
• Geographic Limitations: Replicating data across multiple locations is more complex and costly compared to
public cloud providers who offer built-in global redundancy.

• Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact:

• Higher Energy Costs: Running and cooling dedicated servers in data centers can lead to high energy costs.
• Environmental Concerns: Increased energy consumption contributes to a higher carbon footprint compared to
shared public cloud environments.
 Hybrid Cloud:

Combines on-premises infrastructure, or private clouds, with public

clouds so organizations can get the best of both worlds.
Hybrid clouds combine the benefits of both public and private
clouds, allowing organizations to use a combination of on-premises,
private, and public cloud resources to meet their specific needs.
This approach provides flexibility and enables organizations to use
the best solution for each workload.
• Examples:
– Microsoft Azure Hybrid Cloud: Allows companies to extend their
on-premises data centers to the cloud, making it easier to
manage and integrate services across environments.
– AWS Outposts: AWS’s solution for hybrid cloud that brings AWS
services, infrastructure, and operating models to any data center
or on-premises facility.
 Advantages of Hybrid Cloud

• Flexibility and Control:

• Dynamic Workload Management: Organizations can run
sensitive workloads on a private cloud while leveraging
the public cloud for less-critical tasks, offering the best of
both worlds.
• On-Demand Scalability: Ability to scale resources up or
down in the public cloud as needed, without
overburdening the private cloud.
 Advantages of Hybrid Cloud (Continue)
• Cost Efficiency:
• Optimized Resource Allocation: Cost savings by utilizing public
cloud resources only when necessary, reducing the need for
excessive investment in on-premises infrastructure.
• Lower Capital Expenditure (CapEx): Reduced initial costs
compared to a full private cloud setup, with a pay-as-you-go
model for public cloud services.
• Reduced Operational Costs: Efficient management of resources
helps in lowering ongoing operational expenses.
 Advantages of Hybrid Cloud (Continue)
• Support for Edge Computing:
• Processing Closer to the Source: Hybrid cloud models enable data
processing closer to the source of data generation, improving
response times and reducing latency.
• IoT and Real-Time Analytics: Ideal for Internet of Things (IoT)
applications where real-time data processing and low-latency
communication are critical.
• Distributed Data Processing: Allows processing data locally at the
edge while leveraging the cloud for storage and further analytics.
 Advantages of Hybrid Cloud (Continue)
• Improved Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery:
• Enhanced Data Backup Options: Data can be backed up in multiple
environments (both on-premises and cloud), improving reliability.
• Faster Recovery Times: In case of a disaster, workloads can quickly
shift from a private cloud to a public cloud, ensuring minimal
downtime.
• Geographical Redundancy: Data and applications can be distributed
across various locations, enhancing resilience against local disruptions.
 Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud

• Security and Compliance Risks

• Complexity in Management

• Higher Costs for Data Transfer

• Performance Issues
 Community Cloud
• Community clouds are shared by multiple
organizations with similar needs and goals.
• They are typically owned and operated by a
third-party provider and are used by a specific
community, such as educational institutions or
government agencies.
• Community clouds provide the benefits of the
cloud, such as scalability and cost savings,
while maintaining the security and control of a
private infrastructure
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Community
Cloud
• Cost Effective Complex Setup and Management
Limited Scalability
• Responsibility
• Shared Security
• Collaboration and data
sharing
 Multi-Cloud

• Use of multiple cloud services from different

providers to avoid vendor lock-in and improve
resilience.
• A multi-cloud strategy involves using multiple
cloud services from different providers to meet
the needs of an organization. This approach
provides flexibility and helps to avoid vendor
lock-in
• Examples:
– A company using AWS for application hosting, Google
Cloud for AI and machine learning, and Microsoft
Azure for business analytics.
 Advantages of Multi - Cloud
• Avoidance of Vendor Lock-In
By leveraging multiple cloud providers, organizations avoid becoming overly dependent on a single
vendor's services, tools, or pricing. This flexibility allows for easier migration between providers if needed.
It provides the ability to choose best-of-breed services from different providers, maximizing functionality
and performance.

• Improved Resilience and Redundancy

Using multiple cloud providers increases resilience and fault tolerance. If one cloud provider experiences
downtime or a service outage, workloads can be quickly shifted to another provider.
This approach supports disaster recovery strategies by providing multiple failover options, reducing the
risk of downtime.
 Advantages (Continue)

• Cost Management and Optimization

A multi-cloud strategy enables organizations to negotiate better pricing by comparing costs across
different providers and choosing the most cost-effective option for specific services.
 Disadvantages of Multi cloud
• Increased Complexity in Management
Managing multiple cloud environments involves dealing with different interfaces, management tools,
and APIs. This can increase complexity and requires specialized skills and resources.
Centralized management and visibility across multiple clouds can be challenging, leading to potential
inefficiencies and oversight issues.
• Security and Compliance Challenges
Different cloud providers have different security models, controls, and compliance frameworks.
Ensuring consistent security policies and compliance across all environments can be difficult.
The increased complexity of managing security across multiple clouds can lead to potential security
gaps and vulnerabilities if not carefully managed.
 Disadvantages (Continue)
• Data Integration and Consistency Issues
Integrating data across multiple cloud environments can be challenging, leading to potential data
consistency issues. Applications may require significant changes to work seamlessly across multiple
clouds. Organizations need to ensure that data is properly synchronized and accessible, which can add
complexity to architecture and design.

• Skills and Expertise Requirements

Adopting a multi-cloud strategy requires teams to have expertise in multiple cloud platforms, which may
increase the need for training and specialized skills.
Finding and retaining skilled professionals who are knowledgeable in multi-cloud environments can be
difficult and expensive.