RESEARCH
AN INTRODUCTION
THE ORIENTATION
Group research
Individual scoring
Peer evaluation
Online submission (via Google drive)
Major Requirements:
Two presentations for every chapter
Outline & Final Defense
Final Manuscript
HOW WAS YOUR
EXPERIENCE IN
RESEARCH?
WHAT IS
RESEARCH?
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is an organized investigation and
study of materials and sources to create
facts and reach new inferences. It is
universally a systematic and objective search
for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010).
It is a process of inquiring.
CHARACTERISTICS,
PROCESSES, AND ETHICS IN
RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL Based on observations, experiments, or
1 experience
SYSTEMATIC Follows a logical order or sequence of steps
2
Kept constant (except for experimental
CONTROLLED
3 variables)
EMPLOYS Searches for facts by answering a testable
HYPOTHESIS 4 question
CHARACTERISTICS,
PROCESSES, AND ETHICS IN
RESEARCH
ANALYTICAL Uses analysis or logical reasoning in
5 examining data
OBJECTIVE Is unbiased and impartial
6
Requires one’s own investigation of the
ORIGINAL WORK
7 data in study
ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH (Resnik, 2007)
Honesty Responsible Mentoring
Objectivity Respect Colleagues
Integrity Social Responsibility
Carefulness Non-Discrimination
Openness Legality
Confidentiality Respect of Intellectual
Responsible Property
Publication Human Subject
ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH (Resnik, 2007)
Favoring certain findings to prove
one’s hypothesis Honesty
Refusing to share research findings Objectivity
and rejecting criticism
Integrity
Not exercising caution when recording
data Carefulness
Having your research published in Openness
different journals Confidentiality
Manipulating or fabricating data
Responsible
Revealing participants’ private info
Publication
Dishonoring promises and agreements
made
ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH (Resnik, 2007)
Using research to promote harm to Responsible
others
Neglecting the dignity, privacy, and
Mentoring
safety of participants in experiments Respect
Favoring certain sex or race even Colleagues
though it is irrelevant to the study Social Responsibility
Disregarding the work of fellow Non-Discrimination
researchers
Legality
Acquiring data in an unlawful manner
Respect of
Misguiding new researchers
Not acknowledging your sources of info
Intellectual Property
in your research Human Subject
QUANTITATIVE VS.
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
- concerned with numbers and - concerned with the experiences,
measurement understanding and words of individuals
- creates generalizations based on - involves in-depth and detailed
large samples that represent the analysis of relatively small sample
population size that is chosen purposely
- uses structured research - uses unstructured or semi-structured
instruments, like tests and surveys (e.g., interviews, document analysis)
- used to gain greater understanding of - used to gain greater understanding of
group similarities based on the sample individual differences in terms of
studied feelings, motives and experiences
- examples include census, survey, and - examples include field research, case
experiments study, and phenomenology
STRENGTHS OF QUALI
RESEARCH
Detailed analysis and deep examination
Not limited to specific questions; interviewers
may ask follow-up questions
Flexibility in research framework and direction
based on emergent information
Data is more substantial and interesting
Findings are transferable to another setting
WEAKNESSES OF QUALI
RESEARCH
Research quality is heavily dependent on the
researcher’s skills
Consumes a lot of time in data collection and
analysis
Findings can be difficult to prove and visualize
Researcher’s presence may affect the
participant’s attitude and answers
Anonymity and confidentiality may be at risk
TASK
By group, search two
examples of qualitative
research that you can
conduct as students. Present
the study’s data and
findings in class.
END OF
PRESENTATION
