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L3 IonsJ MoleculesJ and Chemical Formula WIo Quiz

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15 views28 pages

L3 IonsJ MoleculesJ and Chemical Formula WIo Quiz

Uploaded by

barabararavin24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ions, Molecules, Chemical

Formula
Mr. Gerry V. Cabristante Jr.
Ions
Ions
A neutral atom has the same number of
electrons and protons.
Neutrality is lost during chemical changes
in which an atom may either lose or gain an
electron to give an electrically charged
species called ions.
Ions
When an atom gains an electron, it
becomes negatively charged and is then
called an anion.
Nonmetals such as chlorine tend to gain
electrons to yield anions.
Ions
•When an atom gives off an electron, its
charge become positive and is then called
cation. Metals tend to give up electrons to
yield cation.
Sub-atomic Particles
Molecules
Mr. Gerry V. Cabristante Jr.
Molecules
Atoms combine to stabilize themselves
because they either lack or exceed the
required number of electrons for stability.
Therefore, atoms have a choice to lose,
gain or simply share their electrons with
other atoms to be stable.
Molecules
A collection of two or more atoms held in
a specific arrangement due to sharing of
electrons and acts as a single unit is called
a molecule.
Molecules
Molecules can just be a combination of
the same element, which are called
diatomic molecules, or an aggregate of
two or more types of atoms such as
simple sugars (e.g. glucose, which is
composed of six Carbon atoms, six Oxygen
atoms, and 12 hydrogen atoms).
Molecules
•Molecules can be represented using
different models and formulas. Generally,
a line represents the area where sharing
of electrons is employed. The different
models used in representing molecules
are as follows:
Molecular Formula
shows the type
of atom and the
number
constituting a
certain molecule.
Structural Formula
shows the order in
which the atoms in
the molecule are
bonded. It can show
either the three-
dimensional array of
atoms or not.
Ball and Stick model
is the type of
perspective
drawing that shows
the three-
dimensional
orientation of
molecules
Space-filling model
is similar to the ball
and stick model;
however, the line that
denotes the sharing of
electrons is omitted.
Instead, atoms are
fused together.
Perspective formula
represents three
dimensions and is
used primarily to
distinguish among
optical isomers.
Condensed Structural formula
is the formula where
the symbols of atoms
are listed in order as
they appear in the
molecule's structure
Natta Projection
uses solid or dashed
wedged bonds to
depict the orientation
of atoms in a
molecule
Skeletal Formula
represents bonds
using solid lines
Lewis Structure
also called electron
dot structure; dots
represent bonding of
electrons and
unpaired electrons.
The structure is not
three-dimensional
Fischer Projection
is used to illustrate
structures of linear
monosaccharides; vertical
lines denote projection away
from the viewer, whereas
horizontal lines denote that
atoms are directed toward
the viewer.
Cyclohexane conformation
is a chair-like
conformation
commonly
used to view
structures of
sugars
Haworth Projection
is used to
represent
structures of
cyclic sugars
Newman and Sawhorse Projection
is used to
illustrate a
single bond
between two
carbon atoms;
best used to
visualize
conformers
Chemical Formula
Specifying how atoms establish
connections in space may be inefficient
and, likewise time consuming. Thus, there
is a need to find ways in which you can
easily identify the composition of
compounds.
Chemical Formula
Chemists and other professionals make
use of molecular and empirical formulas
to communicate easily, as these formulas
are shorthand notations.
Chemical Formula
The molecular formula of a compound
denotes the exact number of atoms
present in a molecule, whereas the
empirical formula does not provide the
exact number of atoms composing the
molecule, but rather the type of atoms
and their simplest whole-number ratio.
Chemical Formula
For example, glucose has a formula of . This is
glucose's molecular formula because it shows the
exact number of atoms constituting glucose. On
the other hand, notice that the subscript of
glucose can be simplified. Therefore, when we take
the simplest ratio among the atoms, the formula
will become which is the empirical formula of
glucose.

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