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L2 Kinetic Molecular Theory

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18 views17 pages

L2 Kinetic Molecular Theory

Uploaded by

barabararavin24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kinetic Molecular Theory

of Liquids and Solids


Mr. Gerry V. Cabristante Jr.
Experiment Procedure:
1. Fill one cup ¾ full with hot water.
2. Fill another cup ¾ full with cold water.
3. Fill another cup ¾ full with warm water.
4. Then, put two drops of food coloring gently in to the
water in each cups.
5. Observe and list down what happens in each cup over
the next 5 – 10 minutes. Diffusion is complete when
the solution are uniform.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. All matter is made of tiny particles.
2. These particles are in constant motion.
3. The amount of kinetic energy in a
substance is directly proportional to its
temperature. Increased temperature
means greater speed.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
4. There is a space between particles. The amount of
space in between particles is related to the substance’s
state of matter.
5. Phase changes happen when the temperature of the
substance changes sufficiently.
6. There are attractive forces in between particles
particles called intermolecular forces. The strength of
these forces increase as particle get closer together.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Intermolecular Force
are attractive forces between molecules.

Intramolecular Force
are forces that holds atoms together in a
molecule.
Intermolecular Forces
Depending on its strength, intermolecular forces
cause the forming of three physical states: solid,
liquids, and gas.
The physical properties such as melting point,
boiling point, vapor pressure, evaporation,
viscosity, surface tension, and solubility are
related to the strength of attractive forces
between molecules.
Types of Intermolecular Forces

dipole-dipole
Ion-dipole (strongest)
dispersion (weakest)
hydrogen bonding
Dipole-Dipole Forces
• Dipole-dipole forces occur between the
oppositely charged poles of polar molecules (is a
chemical species in which the distribution of
electrons between the covalently bonded
atoms is not even). It interacts with each other
through space. When this occurs, the partially
negative portion of one of the polar molecules is
attracted to the partially positive portion of the
second polar molecule.
Dipole-Dipole Forces
Ion-Dipole Forces
•Ion-dipole forces occurs
between an ion and a polar
molecule. An ion will form an
attraction with an oppositely
charged pole of a neighboring
molecule.
Ion-Dipole Forces
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Dispersion Forces
A German-American physicist, Fritz
London proposed a weak
intermolecular forces that arise from
the interactive forces between
instantaneous dipoles or induced
dipoles in molecules called London
dispersion forces or dispersion forces.
Dispersion Forces
The London dispersion force is a temporary
attractive force that results when the electrons
in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that
make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
Because of the constant motion of the
electrons, an atom or molecule can develop a
temporary (instantaneous) dipole when its
electrons are distributed unsymmetrically
about the nucleus.
Dispersion Forces
Dispersion Forces
•Dispersion forces are present
between any two molecules (even
polar molecules) when they are
almost touching.
Hydrogen Forces
• Hydrogen bonds occur between polar molecular
that contain an oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or
fluorine (F) atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen
atom. The intermolecular attraction happens
between the partially negatively charged oxygen,
fluorine or nitrogen and the partially positively
charged hydrogen of a neighboring molecule.
Hydrogen bonds are relatively strong
intermolecular forces.
Hydrogen Forces

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