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operating system presentation

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78 views

operating system presentation

Uploaded by

Harris Chikunya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

GROUP :1

Presentation :Operating system

Name Surname Reg no


Liliosa S Tarwa R231851M
James Njarawani R163472M
Gashia Gwamura R231835M
Charmain Chironga r231835M
Hellen T Sena R231818M
Brandon Mutungwazi R239247M
Tawanda Pamweni R231173M
Martha Shekwani R231170M
Slide 1:
Introduction
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS
- DEFINE WHAT AN OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) IS.
- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE IMPORTANCE OF OS IN MANAGING
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE RESOURCES.
- OUTLINE OF THE TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
1.SYSTEM COMPONENTS
2.OPERATING SYSTEM
3.SYSTEM CALLS AND SYSTEM PROGRAMS
4. LAYERED APPROACH SYSTEM DESIGN
5. MECHANISM AND POLICY
Topic 1:System components
Slide 1:System components
- Definition:
- An operating system (OS) manages computer hardware and software
resources. The system components are the fundamental parts of the OS
that work together to achieve this.

- Main Components:
- Kernel:
- The core of the OS, it manages CPU, memory, and device processes.
- Handles communication between hardware and software.
- Process Management:
- Manages process creation, scheduling, and termination.
- Ensures efficient execution of multiple processes simultaneously.
Slide 2:topic 1
- Memory Management:
- Manages the system's primary memory or RAM.
- Keeps track of each byte in a computer’s memory and ensures the smooth
operation of memory usage.
- File System:
- Manages data storage, organization, retrieval, naming, and protection.
- Provides a structured way for users to store and retrieve files.
- Device Management:
- Manages device communication via their respective drivers.
- Ensures devices such as printers, displays, and storage units work smoothly
with the system.
- I/O Management:
- Coordinates and controls the input/output operations of the system.
- Manages buffering, caching, and spooling.
- Security and Protection:
- Manages the security of the system, ensuring that unauthorized access is
prevented.
- Provides mechanisms for user authentication, file permissions, and encryption.
System Components Diagram
Topic 2. :Operating System
Services
Slide 1:Operating System
Services

- Definition:
- These are the functions and features provided by the OS that support system operations, user
tasks, and application execution.
- Key Services:
- User Interface:
- Provides a means for users to interact with the system, typically through a command-line
interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI).
- Program Execution:
- The OS loads programs into memory, runs them, and manages their execution.
Slide 2
- I/O Operations:
- Facilitates input and output operations, ensuring that devices are correctly managed and
data is accurately transferred.
- File System Manipulation:
- Supports file creation, deletion, reading, and writing, along with directory management.
- Communication:
- Manages communication between processes, either within the same system (Inter-process
Communication, IPC) or over a network.
- Error Detection and Handling:
- Constantly monitors the system for potential errors, and takes appropriate action when
detected.
- Resource Allocation:
- Allocates resources like CPU, memory, and devices to various tasks efficiently.
- Security and Protection:
- Protects information and resources from unauthorized access, providing authentication and
access control.
Diagram for Operating System
Services
Topic 3 : System Calls
Slide 2: System Calls
-WHAT ARE SYSTEM CALLS?
- DEFINITION: INTERFACE BETWEEN A PROGRAM AND THE OS.
- ROLE IN REQUESTING SERVICES LIKE FILE MANIPULATION, PROCESS CONTROL,
COMMUNICATION, ETC.
- EXAMPLES OF SYSTEM CALLS: `OPEN()`, `READ()`, `WRITE()`, `FORK()`, `EXEC()`.

-TYPES OF SYSTEM CALLS


- PROCESS CONTROL: EXAMPLE: `FORK()`, `EXIT()`.
- FILE MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE: `OPEN()`, `CLOSE()`.
- DEVICE MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE: `IOCTL()`, `READ()`.
- INFORMATION MAINTENANCE: EXAMPLE: `GETPID()`, `ALARM()`.
- COMMUNICATION: EXAMPLE: `PIPE()`, `SEND()`, `RECV()`.

---
Slide 3: System Programs
-What are System Programs
- Definition: Programs that provide a convenient environment for program
development and execution.
- Serve as a bridge between the user and the system.
- Types of system programs: File manipulation, status information, file
modification, programming language support, program loading and execution,
communications.

Difference between System Calls and System Programs


- System Calls: Low-level functions that directly interact with the OS.
- System Programs: Higher-level functions that provide user-friendly interfaces for
system calls.
Topic 2 : Layered Approach
to System Design
Slide 4: Layered Approach to System
Design
**
- What is a Layered Approach?
- Definition: Structuring an operating system into layers, where each layer builds on top of
the lower one.
- Each layer provides services to the layer above it and relies on the layer below it.

- Advantages of Layered Design


- Modularity: Easier to debug and maintain.
- Abstraction: Separation of concerns; each layer has a specific role.
- Security and Reliability: Higher layers can't interfere with lower layers.

-Example of a Layered OS
- Mention of classic examples like UNIX, which is partially layered, and how modern OSs use
layers.
Slide 5:

Diagram of Layered System Design

Visual Representation
- A diagram showing typical layers in an OS:
1. Hardware
2. Kernel (e.g., process management, memory management)
3. System Call Interface
4. User-Level Programs (e.g., shell, application programs)
- Discuss how control flows between layers.
Diagram
Topic 3:Mechanism and
Policy
Slide 6: Mechanism and Policy

What is Mechanism
- Definition: The methods or procedures by which the OS provides functionality (the "how").
- Example: A file system’s mechanism could be how files are stored and accessed.

- What is Policy
- Definition: The rules or strategies for using mechanisms (the "what" and "when").
- Example: File access policies might define who can access or modify a file.

Separation of Mechanism and Policy


- Importance: Allows flexibility in the OS; mechanisms can be reused, while policies can be changed as
needed.
- Example: An OS may use the same scheduling mechanism for processes but apply different
scheduling policies (e.g., FIFO, Round Robin).
Slide 7: Mechanism vs. Policy
Example
- Example: CPU Scheduling
- Mechanism: The underlying method by which processes are scheduled
on the CPU.
- Policy: The strategy used to decide which process to run next (e.g.,
priority scheduling, shortest job first).

- Advantages of Separating Mechanism and Policy


- Flexibility to change policies without altering mechanisms.
- Easier to optimize and adapt to new requirements.
Slide 8: Conclusion

- Summary of Key Points


- System Calls and System Programs: Interface and tools for interacting with the OS.
- Layered Approach: A modular, layered design helps in managing complexity.
- Mechanism and Policy: Separation enhances flexibility and adaptability of the OS.

- Closing Remarks
- Understanding these foundational concepts is crucial for studying more advanced topics in
Operating Systems.
- Invite questions and discussion.
THANK YOU

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