LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1.Describe and explain the different models used by the

scientist to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen
or detected;
2.Gain insight into the applications of scientific models
through the study of atomic models, providing a
foundation for understanding complex scientific
phenomena.
3.Appreciate the importance of using models to explain
phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected.
 REVIEW

• What is a scientific model, and why are

they important in science?
ATOMIC MODEL QUEST: UNCOVERING
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER!
1. In this word search puzzle, you will find the names of
five scientific models that explain the structure of the atom.
2. The words may appear horizontally, vertically, or
diagonally, in any direction.
3. Scan the grid carefully to locate and circle each model
name.
4. The identified model names in the word search puzzle
will be used to fill out the table in Task B of the worksheet.
ATOMIC MODEL SPOTLIGHT:
ILLUMINATING THE SECRETS OF THE
ATOM
1. Examine the word search puzzle you completed to identify the names of
five scientific models that explain the structure of the atom.
2. Fill in the first column of the table with the names of these atomic
models. Each model name should correspond to one row in the table.
3. For each model, research and complete the remaining columns of the
table:
4. Proponent and Year: Write down the name of the scientist or scientists
who proposed the model, along with the year it was proposed.
5. Main Features: Summarize the key characteristics or
features of the atomic model.
6. Contribution to the Understanding of Atomic Structure:
Describe how the model contributed to our understanding
of the structure of the atom.
7. Be thorough and accurate in your research, and ensure
that each column of the table is completed with relevant
information.
8. Once you have filled in all the details for each atomic
model, review your work to ensure clarity and correctness.
Model (Answer Proponent/ Contribution to
taken from the Year Main features understanding
word search) introduced of atomic
structure
SOLID SPHERE MODEL
• is an atomic model proposed by John
Dalton in 1803.
• It states that all objects are made of particles
called atoms and that they are solid spheres
that cannot be divided further into smaller
particles. This is similar to the model made by
the Greeks in the fifth century BCE.
1. Matter is made of small indivisible atoms.
2. Atoms can’t be subdivided, created or
destroyed.
2.1 Atoms of the same element have the same
property.
2.2 Atoms of different elements have different
properties.
• 3. Atoms of different elements can form
compounds.
CONTRIBUTION
• The solid sphere model was significant as
it established the concept of the atom as
the basic unit of matter, influencing the
development of atomic theory and
leading to greater understanding of
chemical interactions and structures.
PLUM-PUDDING MODEL: J.J. THOMSON
• Joseph John Thomson 1904
• An atom is electrically neutral. It has no charge.
• In an atom, both positive charges and negative
charges are equal.
• An atom is made out of a sphere of positive charges
with negatively charged electron embedded in it.
CONTRIBUTIONS
• Thomson in 1904, before the discovery of the
atomic nucleus. It suggested that atoms were
uniformly positive spheres with electrons
embedded within, like plums in a pudding. This
model assumed that the positive and negative
charges were evenly distributed throughout the
atom, maintaining overall neutrality.
NUCLEAR MODEL
• Nuclear model: Ernest Rutherford 1911
• Atoms are mostly empty space.
• Most of the mass is concentrated in the center
of atom. This tiny, dense, positively charged
core called a nucleus.
• Electrons are located outside the nucleus.
CONTRIBUTIONS
• The nuclear model was the first step
toward our modern understanding of the
atom. In the 1930s, the discovery of the
neutron completed our picture of the
nucleus. Later, quantum mechanics would
help us explain electron orbitals.
Rutherford's work laid the foundation.
PLANETARY MODEL:
NIELS BOHR 1913
• Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have specific size and
energy.
• The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is
found in the smallest orbit.
• Electrons reside in orbits. They move between each shell when
gaining or losing energy.
• When gaining energy, electrons move to farther orbit from the
nucleus. When losing energy, electrons move to closer orbit from
the nucleus.
CONTRIBUTIONS
• After Rutherford's discovery, scientists started to
realize that the atom is not ultimately a single
particle, but is made up of far smaller subatomic
particles. Following research was done to figure out
the exact atomic structure which led to Rutherford’s
gold foil experiment
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL:
ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER 1926-PRESENT
• Electrons don’t move around the nucleus in orbits.
• Electrons exist in specific energy levels as a cloud.
• The electron cloud is the region of negative charges, which
surrounds the nucleus.
• Orbital : The region with a high probability of containing
electrons.
CONTRIBUTIONS
• this new branch of physics enabled
scientists to describe the interaction
between energy and matter down
through the subatomic realm.
QUESTIONS

1. How do the characteristics of the Plum Pudding Model,

the Bohr Model, and the Rutherford Model help us
understand the behavior of particleswithin atoms?
2. What similarities and differences do you notice
between the arrangement of particles within atoms and
the behavior of particles in different states of matter?
• Compare and contrast two different
atomic models, discussing their
similarities, differences, and significance in
understanding atomic structure. Present
your comparison in a short-written essay
or diagram.