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15 views17 pages

What_is_CPU_and_How_It_Works_Presentation

Uploaded by

thejayantdli
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is CPU and How It Works

In-depth Explanation of the Central


Processing Unit
Introduction to CPU
• • CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.
• • Known as the brain of the computer.
• • Executes instructions and processes data.
• • Found in devices like PCs, smartphones, and
more.
Importance of CPU
• • Controls all operations of the computer.
• • Processes instructions from software.
• • Coordinates tasks between hardware
components.
• • Determines the speed and efficiency of
computing.
Components of a CPU
• 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs
calculations and logical operations.
• 2. Control Unit (CU): Directs the flow of data
and instructions.
• 3. Registers: Small memory units for
temporary data storage.
CPU Architecture
• • Von Neumann Architecture:
• - Shared memory for instructions and data.
• • Harvard Architecture:
• - Separate memory for instructions and data.
How CPU Works (Overview)
• • The CPU operates in a cycle of Fetch,
Decode, and Execute.
• • It processes data from input devices and
sends results to output devices.
Fetch Phase
• • The CPU retrieves instructions from
memory.
• • Instructions are stored in the Instruction
Register (IR).
• • Address of the next instruction is stored in
the Program Counter (PC).
Decode Phase
• • Instructions are interpreted by the Control
Unit.
• • The CU translates the instruction into signals
for the CPU components.
Execute Phase
• • The ALU or other components carry out the
instruction.
• • Results are stored in registers or sent to
output devices.
Registers in CPU
• • Program Counter (PC): Stores address of the
next instruction.
• • Accumulator (ACC): Holds intermediate
results of calculations.
• • Instruction Register (IR): Stores the current
instruction.
Role of Clock Speed
• • Clock speed determines how many cycles a
CPU can execute per second.
• • Measured in GHz (gigahertz).
• • Higher clock speeds result in faster
processing.
Cache Memory
• • Small, fast memory located inside the CPU.
• • Stores frequently accessed data for quick
retrieval.
• • Levels: L1, L2, and L3 cache.
Multi-Core Processors
• • CPUs with multiple cores can execute
multiple instructions simultaneously.
• • Improves multitasking and performance.
• • Common in modern devices.
Power Consumption in CPUs
• • CPUs require power to operate efficiently.
• • Power usage increases with higher
performance.
• • Energy-efficient CPUs are critical for portable
devices.
Advances in CPU Technology
• • Emerging technologies like quantum
computing.
• • Smaller transistors for increased
performance.
• • AI and machine learning integration in CPUs.
Summary
• • The CPU is essential for data processing and
instruction execution.
• • It operates through Fetch, Decode, and
Execute cycles.
• • Key features include registers, clock speed,
cache, and multi-core capabilities.
Thank You!
• • Closing Message: Thank you for learning
about the CPU!
• • Call to Action: Like, Share, and Subscribe to
Technical Computer Academy!

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