0% found this document useful (0 votes)

12 views48 pages

1 Complexnumberrevision

Uploaded by

Ameer Hakim

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

12 views48 pages

1 Complexnumberrevision

Uploaded by

Ameer Hakim

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 48

Complex Number

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lecture, student should be able to :
 understand 3 basic representation of complex number.
 perform conversion from rectangular to polar or
exponent form or vice versa.
 Perform mathematical operation in complex number
 Understand the basic relations of Eular’s Formula

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Complex Numbers
 Representation of Complex Numbers: (Rectangular,
Polar and Exponential Form)
 Mathematics Operations:Addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division
 Euler’s Formula

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representations of Complex Number

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representation of Complex Numbers :
Rectangular Form

 A complex number z may be written in rectangular form

Example: 3 + j 4
Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018
By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representation of Complex Numbers :
Rectangular Form

imaginary • x is the real part

axis • y is the imaginary part
y • z is the magnitude
z

• q is the phase
q
real
x axis

ECE201 Lect-4
Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) 6 © FTK UTHM 2018
By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representation of Complex Numbers :
Rectangular Form

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representation of Complex Numbers :
Polar Form

 A second way of representing the complex number z is

by specifying its magnitude r and the angle it makes
with the real axis

Example: 5  53.1

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Graphical Representation of Complex
Numbers

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Conversion of Rectangular and Polar
Form

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Conversion of Rectangular and Polar
Form

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Conversion of Rectangular and Polar
Form
 In converting from rectangular to polar form, we must
exercise care in determining the correct value of 

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representation of Complex Numbers :
Exponential Form

 The third way of representing the complex z is the

exponential form:

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Representation of Complex Numbers :
Summary

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Practice Example

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.1
 Express the following complex numbers in polar and
exponential form:

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.1 (Solution)
 Express the following complex numbers in polar and
exponential form:

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.1 (Solution)
 Express the following complex numbers in polar and
exponential form:

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.1 (Solution)
 Express the following complex numbers in polar and
exponential form:

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.1 (Solution)
 Express the following complex numbers in polar and
exponential form:

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.1 (Solution)

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Conversion Using Scientific Calculator:
Rectangular to Polar Form
Step 1: you have to be careful that you have your calculator set correctly in
degrees
Press “mode” 4 times until the screen appear Deg Rad Gra ( Choose 1)
Step 2: Change to Complex Number Mode
Press “mode” 1 times until the screen appear Comp (1) CMPLX (2)
( Choose 2)

Step 3: insert rectangular form of complex number i.e -6-j8

First press -6-8, then continue by press “i” symbol (purple color) (same as
“ENG”) and finally press ‘=‘. You will see RI symbol appear on the top
right corner.
Step 4: to convert to polar, press “SHIFT” followed by “+” symbol and then
“=“ button. You will see value of magnitude r appear.

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Conversion Using Scientific Calculator:
Rectangular to Polar Form
Step 5: In order to display angle or theta value, change from real to
imaginary
Press “SHIFT” followed by = button,, the value of angle are display
accordingly.
Take note that the value of angle appear need to be subtract with 360 deg in
order to obtained the correct value of theta.
i.e. Quadrant 3: 360deg-126.86deg= 233deg

To confirm your results of conversion, you may recheck with the online
calculator from the following webpage:

https://
www.intmath.com/complex-numbers/convert-polar-rectangular-interactive.ph
p
Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018
By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Mathematical Operation

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Complex Number Addition and
Subtraction
 Perform addition and subtraction of complex numbers in rectangular form

We add/minus (algebraically) real part to real part and imaginary part to

imaginary part

Addition

Subtraction

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Complex Number of Multiplication

 the product/multiplication and quotient/division of the two complex

numbers are best done in polar or exponential form

Multiplication

Multiply numbers in polar form, we multiply the magnitudes and add the
angles.

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Complex Number of Division

 the product/multiplication and quotient/division of the two complex

numbers are best done in polar or exponential form

Division

To divide numbers in polar form, we divide the magnitudes and subtract the
angle of the divisor from the angle of the dividend

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.3: Mathematical Operation

Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.3: Solution

0 0
¿ 5.4 <68.2 × 6 <− 9.4
0 0
¿ 5.4 <68.2 × 6 <− 9.4
0
¿ 32.4 <58.8 @ 17+ 𝑗 28
Complex Number Revisit (Electrical Principles II:BNR10303) © FTK UTHM 2018
By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Example B.3: Solution

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Complex Conjugate

 The complex conjugate of a complex number is found by replacing every

j by -j

-
+

(Notice that we denote the complex conjugate by the symbol *)

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Euler’s Formula

 Euler’s formula is an important result in complex variables.

By Dr.Lam Hong Yin All rights reserved.
Euler’s Useful Identities