Reactions of
carbohydrates
Reaction of monosaccharides:
Oxidation reaction:
When oxidation reaction occur in aldehyde group it form gluconic acid.
CHO COOH gluconic acid
When oxidation reaction occur in alcohol group it form glucoronic acid.
CH2OH COOH glucoronic acid
Reduction reaction:
Reaction with H2 molecule. When treated with reducing agent alcohol
formation occur. This reaction occur in the presence of nikle or zinc
catalyst.thus convert into alcohols.
Dehydration reaction
Dehydration mean removal of water molecule after treating with strong
acid.
Reaction with weak bases:
When glucose react with weak alkali e,g ammonium hydroxide it
convert into fructose and one intermiated is formed called enol
intermediate.this reaction also called tautomerism.
Tautomerism is a phenomenon where a single chemical compound
tends to exist in two or more interconvertible structures that are
different in terms of the relative position of one atomic nucleus which is
generally the hydrogen.
Reaction with carbonyl
Glucose reacts with hydroxyl amine in presence of phynylhydrazine to
give osazone.
Reaction with calcium hydroxide :
Glucose react with Calcium hydroxide to form calcium gluconate.
Pharmaceutical application of calcium gluconate:
1.Calcium gluconate used as mineral supplement when there is insufficient
calcium in diet.
2.Used in treatment of rickets and osteoporosis and hypocalcemia.
