INTRODUCTION TO

JAVA PROGRAMMING
 INTRODUCTION

Course Objectives
Organization of chapters in
unit

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 COURSE OBJECTIVES FOR
CHAPTER 1
Upon completing the course, you will
understand
Create, compile, and run Java programs
Primitive data types
Java control flow
Methods
Arrays (for teaching Java in two semesters, this could be the end)
Object-oriented programming
Core Java classes (Swing, exception, internationalization,
multithreading, multimedia, I/O, networking, Java
Collections Framework)
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 COURSE OBJECTIVES, CONT.
You will be able to

Develop programs using java

Write simple programs using primitive data
types, control statements, methods, and arrays.

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 SUB TITLE CHAPTERS
Part I: Fundamentals of Programming

Chapter 1 Introduction to Java

Chapter 2 Primitive Data Types and Operations
Chapter 3 Control Statements
Chapter 4 Methods
Chapter 5 Arrays

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 SUB CHAPTERS, CONT.
Part II: Object-Oriented Programming

Chapter 6 Objects and Classes

Chapter 7 Strings
Chapter 8 Class Inheritance and Interfaces

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO
JAVA
What Is Java?
Getting Started With Java Programming

Create, Compile and Running a Java

Application

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 WHAT IS JAVA?

 History
 Characteristics of Java

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 HISTORY
1. James Gosling and Sun Microsystems

2. Oak

3. Java, May 20, 1995, Sun World

4. Hot Java
The first Java-enabled Web browser

5. JDK Evolutions

6. J2SE, J2ME, and J2EE (not mentioned in the book, but could
discuss here optionally)

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF JAVA
 Java is simple
 Java is object-oriented
 Java is distributed
 Java is interpreted
 Java is robust
 Java is secure
 Java is architecture-neutral
 Java is portable
 Java’s performance
 Java is multithreaded
 Java is dynamic
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 JDK VERSIONS

 JDK 1.02 (1995)

 JDK 1.1 (1996)

 Java 2 SDK v 1.2 (a.k.a JDK 1.2, 1998)

 Java 2 SDK v 1.3 (a.k.a JDK 1.3, 2000)

 Java 2 SDK v 1.4 (a.k.a JDK 1.4, 2002)

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 JDK EDITIONS
Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
 J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone
applications or applets.
Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
 J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications
such as Java servlets and Java Server Pages.
Java Micro Edition (J2ME).
 J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile
devices such as cell phones.

This book uses J2SE to introduce Java

programming.
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 JAVA IDE TOOLS
 Forte by Sun MicroSystems
 Borland JBuilder
 Microsoft Visual J++
 WebGain Café
 IBM Visual Age for Java

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 GETTING STARTED WITH JAVA
PROGRAMMING

 A Simple Java Application

 Compiling Programs
 Executing Applications

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 A SIMPLE APPLICATION
Example 1.1
//This application program prints Welcome
//to Java!
package chapter1;

public class Welcome {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}

Source Run

NOTE: To run the program, install slide files on hard disk.

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 CREATING AND COMPILING PROGRAMS
Create/Modify Source Code

On command line
javac file.java Source Code

Compile Source Code

i.e. javac Welcome.java

If compilation errors

Bytecode

Run Byteode
i.e. java Welcome

Result

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If runtime errors or incorrect result
 EXECUTING APPLICATIONS
On command line
java classname

Bytecode

Java Java Java

Interpreter Interpreter Interpreter
...
on Windows on Linux on Sun Solaris

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 EXAMPLE

javac Welcome.java

java Welcome

output:...

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 COMPILING AND RUNNING A
PROGRAM
• Where are the
files stored in
Welcome.java
c:\example the directory?
chapter1 Welcome.class

Welcome.java~

chapter2 Java source files and class files for Chapter 2

.
.
.
chapter19 Java source files and class files for Chapter 19

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 ANATOMY OF A JAVA PROGRAM
 Comments
 Package
 Reserved words
 Modifiers
 Statements
 Blocks
 Classes
 Methods
 The main method

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 COMMENTS
• In Java, comments are preceded by two slashes
(//) in a line, or enclosed between /* and */ in
one or multiple lines.
• When the compiler sees //, it ignores all text
after // in the same line.
• When it sees /*, it scans for the next */ and
ignores any text between /* and */.

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 RESERVED WORDS
• Reserved words or keywords are words that
have a specific meaning to the compiler and
cannot be used for other purposes in the
program.
• For example, when the compiler sees the word
class, it understands that the word after class is
the name for the class.
• Other reserved words in Example 1.1 are
public, static, and void. Their use will be
introduced later in the book.

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 MODIFIERS
• Java uses certain reserved words called modifiers
that specify the properties of the data, methods,
and classes and how they can be used.
• Examples of modifiers are public and static. Other
modifiers are private, final, abstract, and
protected.
• A public datum, method, or class can be
accessed by other programs. A private datum or
method cannot be accessed by other programs.
• Modifiers are discussed in Chapter 6, "Objects
and Classes."

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 STATEMENTS
• A statement represents an action or a
sequence of actions.
• The statement System.out.println("Welcome
to Java!") in the program in Example 1.1 is a
statement to display the greeting "Welcome to
Java!" Every statement in Java ends with a
semicolon (;).

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 BLOCKS

A pair of braces in a program forms a block that

groups components of a program.

public class Test {

Class block
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Method block
}
}

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 CLASSES
• The class is the essential Java construct.
• A class is a template or blueprint for objects.
• To program in Java, you must understand
classes and be able to write and use them.
• The mystery of the class will continue to be
unveiled throughout this book.
• For now, though, understand that a program is
defined by using one or more classes.

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 METHODS
• What is System.out.println?
• It is a method: a collection of statements that performs
a sequence of operations to display a message on the
console.
• It can be used even without fully understanding the
details of how it works. It is used by invoking a
statement with a string argument.
• The string argument is enclosed within parentheses. In
this case, the argument is "Welcome to Java!" You can
call the same println method with a different argument
to print a different message.

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 MAIN METHOD
The main method provides the control of program
flow. The Java interpreter executes the application
by invoking the main method.

The main method looks like this:

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Statements;
}

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