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21 views26 pages

Example

Uploaded by

Rubaiyat Jaky
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TRANSFORMER

1 0
DESAw/A IGN
i=

EXAMPLES-3
TRANSFORMER
0
=1
DESAw/A IGN i

EXAMPLES-3
Anand Jain, Govt. Polytechnic Hanumangarh
Design magnetic frame and winding for a 50 KVA, 11000/400 V, 50Hz, three phase delta/star
core type distribution transformer. Assume flux density 1.2 T, current density (aluminum
conductor) 1.5 A/mm2, window space factor=0.2, having window area 10 times net iron area.
Use three stepped cores.
Given Data : kVA=50, f = 50 Hz, Bm=1.2 T d=1.5 A/mm2
VHV=11000 V delta VLV=400 V star Kw=0.2 Aw/Ai =10
Output equation of transformer is given as
here
So
Check figure in current density value
or
Hence emf per turn
volt/turn
With such medium size 50KVA transformers three stepped or more stepped cores are
used. When we use higher number of steps in core, we utilize the iron space better. By
increasing the number of steps, the area of circumscribing circle is more effectively
utilized for iron part. The relation between circumscribe circle diameter “d” and core
Core type Square Cruciform 3 stepped 4 stepped 5 stepped 6 stepped
cross section “Ai” can be expressed as follows
Constant k 0.45 0.56 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.65
The value of constant k depends upon the number of steps of core of the transformer,
given as

for three stepped core circumscribing circle diameter


The most economical dimensions of various steps for a
three-stepped core can be calculated. The results are
It is given that window area is 10 times of net iron area so

Window area is determined as product of width and height of the window. The
height of the window, is usually taken 2 to 4 times of width of window.
When height of window is taken high the mean turn length will decrease but
leakage flux will increase. Similarly, less height and more width of window
will increase the mean turn length but decrease leakage flux by some amount.
Let us take height of window 2.5 times of width of window.
or

so height of window
or
so height of window

One significant dimension in core is center to


center limb distance

Overall width of core

Overall height of core


Winding design Low voltage winding 400 V star connection
here
volt/turn
No of turns
Current in LV
Cross section area of conductor
We will select rectangle conductor of next higher standard size from conductor table, one can also
use foil winding.
High voltage winding 11KV Delta

No of turns
Current in HV
Cross section area of conductor
We will select round conductor of next higher standard size from conductor table.
Design magnetic frame and winding for a 10 KVA 11000/230 V, 50Hz, single phase core type
transformer. Assume flux density 1.1 T, current density 2.2 A/mm2, window space factor=0.25,
constant K=0.8 for single phase core type transformer. Use cruciform two stepped core.
Given Data : kVA=10, f = 50 Hz, Bm=1.1 T d=2.2 A/mm2
VHV=11000 V VLV=230 V Kw=0.25 K=0.8

Hence emf per turn = 2.53 volt/turn


The net core cross section area Ai is given as
Bm – maximum flux density in the core of the transformer in Wb/ m 2
f – Frequency of the power supply in Hz
With very small size transformers, rectangular core can be used with either circular or rectangular coils.
With small size transformers less than 5KVA, square core can be used, with circular coils. With medium
and large transformers, cruciform (two stepped) or more stepped cores are used. Stepped core utilizes
the iron space better.
The relation between circumscribe circle diameter “d” and core cross section “Ai” can be
expressed as follows The value of constant k depends upon the number of steps in core
of the transformer, it is given as
Core type Square Cruciform 3 stepped 4 stepped 5 stepped 6 stepped
Constant k 0.45 0.56 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.65

for cruciform core circumscribing circle diameter

By increasing the number of steps, the area of


circumscribing circle is more effectively utilized.
The most economical dimensions of various steps
for a multi-stepped core can be calculated.
for two step size of core :
We can find out window area from output equation given as

So
Check figure in current density value

Window area is determined as product of width and height of the window.


The height of the window, is usually taken 2.5 to 4 times of width of window.
When height of window is taken high the mean turn length will decrease but leakage flux will
increase.
Similarly, less height and more width of window will increase the mean turn length but decrease
leakage flux by some amount. Let us take height of window three times of width of window.
Thus, from the above equations, the height of the window & the width of the window can be calculated.

or so height of window
One significant dimension in
core is center to center limb
distance

Overall width of core

Overall height of core

The transformer core frame


with dimensions is as
Winding design
Low voltage winding
No of turns
Current in LV
Cross section area of conductor
We will select rectangle conductor of next higher standard size
from conductor table, one can also use foil winding.
High voltage winding
No of turns
Current in LV
Cross section area of conductor
We will select round conductor of next higher standard size from
conductor table.
Design magnetic frame and winding for a 250 KVA, 11000/230 V, 50Hz, three phase delta/star core type distribution
transformer. Assume flux density 1.2 T, current density 2.5 A/mm2, window space factor=0.28, constant K=0.45 for
three phase core type distribution transformers. Use three or four stepped cores.
Given Data : kVA=250, f = 50 Hz, Bm=1.2 T d=2.5 A/mm2
VHV=11000 V delta VLV=230 V star Kw=0.28
K=0.45

Hence emf per turn volt/turn


The net core cross section area Ai is given as
Bm – maximum flux density in the core of the transformer in Wb/ m 2
f – Frequency of the power supply in Hz
With very small size transformers, rectangular core can be used with either circular or rectangular coils. With small size
transformers less than 5KVA, square core can be used, with circular coils. With medium and large transformers,
cruciform (two stepped) or more stepped cores are used. Stepped core utilizes the iron space better.
The relation between circumscribe circle diameter “d” and core cross section “Ai” can be expressed as follows

Core
Thetype Square
value of constant k depends Cruciform 3 stepped
upon the number of steps of core4 of
stepped 5 stepped
the transformer, given as 6 stepped
Constant k 0.45 0.56 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.65

for four stepped core circumscribing circle diameter

By increasing the number of steps, the area of


circumscribing circle is more effectively utilized. The most
economical dimensions of various steps for a four-stepped
core can be calculated. The results are
a
We can find out window area from output equation given as

So
Check figure in current density value
Window area is determined as product of width and height of the window.
The height of the window, is usually taken 2 to 4 times of width of window.
When height of window is taken high the mean turn length will decrease but leakage flux will increase.
Similarly, less height and more width of window will increase the mean turn length but decrease
leakage flux by some amount. Let us take height of window 2.5 times of width of window.
Thus, from the above equations, the height of the window & the width of the window can be calculated.

or
so height of window
One significant dimension in core is
center to center limb distance

Overall width of core

Overall height of core

The transformer core frame with


dimensions is as
Winding design: Low voltage winding 400 V star connection

No of turns
Current in LV
Cross section area of conductor
We will select rectangle conductor of next higher standard size from
conductor table, one can also use foil winding.
High voltage winding 11KV Delta
No of turns
Current in LV
Cross section area of conductor
We will select round conductor of next higher standard size from
conductor table.

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