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003 History of computers Part 3

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16 views13 pages

003 History of computers Part 3

Uploaded by

Akhil Balachandran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

OF COMPUTERS
ABACUS

Developed around 5000 and 2000 BC.

It was invented in China.

Used by Greeks, Romans, Chinese, in Pre-Christian


times.

It was also known as "Soroban".


ABACUS

• It had a wooden frame with balls or beads strung on


parallel wires.
• It was used for performing simple calculations.
• This device is still used in advanced countries like
Japan and many other countries of Far East.
NAPIER'S BONES

• It was developed in 17th century.

• Developed by John Napier, a Scottish Mathematician


invented computing rodes which are called
"Nappier's Bones" or "Card Board Multiplication
Calculator".
• It was a manually operated calculating device.
• These are a set of eleven rods having 4 faces, with
numbers marked on them in such a way that by
simply placing the rods side by side, products and
quotients of large numbers can be obtained.
SLIDE RULE

• It was developed in 1620 by William Oughtred


an English Mathematician.
• This is a calculating device based on the
principles of logarithm invented by John
Nappier.
• A slide rule consists of two graduated scales,
one of which slips upon the other.
PASCALINE

• It was developed in 1642 by Blaise Pascal.

• He was a French Mathematician and Philosopher.

• He invented the first mechanical calculating machine called


Pascaline.

• It was the first mechanical digital calculator that can perform


addition and subtraction on whole numbers
JACQUARD'S LOOM

• It was developed in 1801 Joseph Merie Jacquard

• He was a French mason turned weaver, developed a Punched Card Loom


for weaving cloth.

• Punched Cards controlled its operation.

• This machine was used to automatically control weaving looms.

• This machine could not get much popularity due to resistance from
labour unions on the ground of unemployment and replacement of
people with machine
DIFFERENCE ENGINE
• It was developed in 1822 by Charles Babbage, a Prof. of
Mathematics at Cambridge University designed a machine
called "Difference Engine".

• Later in 1833 he planned a grand machine called


"Analytical Engine". This machine had various units to
store, mill ( a unit of doing arithmetical calculations) and
control input and output. It was a prototype computer.

• Charles Babbage is considered as the father of modern


computers.
HOLLERITH'S MACHINE.

• It was developed around in 1887.

• Developed by an American named Herman Hollerith.

• He fabricated the first Electro Mechanical Punched Card


Tabulator that uses punched cards for input, output and
instructions.

• This machine could handle 50-80 punched cards per minute


and was used by American Department of census.
ELECTRO MECHANICAL COMPUTERS

• Earlier actual calculations were carried out by moving parts.

• Later electricity was used to move data and instructions from one
part of the machine to another.

• The most well known electro mechanical calculator Harward


Mark I.

• It was completed in 1944 by Howard Aikan.

• It was the first operational general purpose computer and was


constructed by IBM.
ABC ELECTRONIC COMPUTER.

• It was developed in 1942, John Vincent


Atanasoff and Clifford Berry.

• It was an electronic vacuum tube computer.

• ABC stands for Atanasoff-Berry Computer.


ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC

• ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

• EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic


Computer.

• EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.

• UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer.

• LEO – Lyons Electronic Office.

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