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Mughal Garden (Autosaved)

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53 views19 pages

Mughal Garden (Autosaved)

Uploaded by

A believe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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M U G H A L

G A R D E N
PA R A D I S E ON
EARTH
INTRODUCTION

• Mughal gardens are a style of garden design that emerged in South Asia during the
Mughal Empire (1526–1857).

• These gardens are known for their unique combination of Persian, Islamic, and Indian
elements, reflecting the cultural synthesis of the time.

• The concept of the "Char Bagh" (meaning "four gardens" in Persian) is central to
Mughal garden design.

• It features a quadrilateral layout divided into four parts by walkways or water


channels. This design was intended to symbolize the Islamic description of paradise in
the Quran, with its four rivers of water, milk, wine, and honey.
H I S T O RY ( T I M E L I N E
)

• 1526–1530: Babur's Era


Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, brings the
Persian garden tradition to India.

First Mughal Garden in India: Babur establishes the


Aram Bagh in Agra, introducing the "Char Bagh" layout.

• 1530–1556: Humayun's
Era
Humayun continues Babur’s tradition, although his reign
is marked by political instability.

Humayun’s Tomb Garden: The garden at Humayun's


Tomb in Delhi becomes an early example of Mughal
garden design, combining Persian and Indian elements.
• 1556–1605: Akbar's Era
Expansion of Mughal Influence: Akbar
commissions several gardens across India,
including those in Fatehpur Sikri.

• 1605–1627: Jahangir's Era

Jahangir, a passionate lover of nature, enhances


garden design with a focus on aesthetics and
natural beauty.

Kashmir Gardens: Construction of famous gardens


like Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh in Kashmir,
emphasizing terraced layouts and water features.

• 1628–1658: Shah Jahan's


Era
Shah Jahan, known for his architectural
achievements, perfects Mughal garden design.
Taj Mahal Garden: Creation of the iconic garden
surrounding the Taj Mahal in Agra, exemplifying the
"Char Bagh" layout.
FEATURES OF MUGHAL
GARDENS
 Running water
The most important element and to
reflect the beauties of sky and
garden .
 Significant use of rectilinear
layouts is made with the walled
enclosures.

 Fountains
Typical feature include pool,
fountains and canals inside the
garden.

 Gardening
The trees in Mughal gardens
were planted to emphasis the
general lines o of the garden .
Flowers of different species were
planted parallel to the water
channel to enhance beautification
CHAR BAGH CONCEPT
 The Char Bagh concept is distinctive design
element in Mughal gardens,heavily
influenced by Persian garden traditions.
 The layout divides the garden into four
equal sections , symbolism of paradise as
described in Islamic culture.

 Key features of Char Bagh-


1. Four fold division
2. Water channels
3. Symmetry and balance
4. plantations

CLASSIFICATION OF MUGHAL GARDENS


 Mughal gardens are generally divided into four sections –
 Rectangular pearl garden
 Long butterfly garden
 Circular garden
 Terraced garden
RAM
BAGH ,AGRA
 The Ram Bagh is the oldest Mughal
garden in India.

 Built by Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528


AD.

 Planning is done following the char bagh


pattern. Four main divisions crisscrossed
by paths and waterways.

 Ram Bagh is a rectangular garden


oriented east –west measuring
approximately 335.28 meters by
259meters.

 It is subdivided into six by seven


rectangles ,a variation on the Persian
chahar bagh.
 FEATURES OF RAM BAGH

 Significant use of rectilinear layouts


are made within the walled enclosures.
 Typical features pools , fountains and
canals inside the garden.
 Most important feature is Char Bagh
planning ,
 Mughals were obsessed with symbols
and incorporated it into their gardens
in many ways
N I S H AT B A G H
• Nishat Bagh, also known as the "Garden
of Joy.“
• Located on the eastern side of Dal Lake,
Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
• Built in 1633.

• Second-largest Mughal garden in


Kashmir after Shalimar Bagh
Design and Layout
• Follows the classic Persian "Charbagh" layout,
a quadrilateral garden divided by four flowing
water channels.
• Oriented towards the Dal Lake, offering a
panoramic view of the lake and the Zabarwan
mountains.
• Consists of 12 terraces, each representing a
different zodiac sign.
• Central water channel fed by the mountain
stream, with cascades and fountains along its
course.
• Use of chinar trees, cypresses, and flower
beds to create a layered and shaded
environment.
Architectural Features

• Terraces with retaining walls and pavilions (baradaris).


• Stone-paved walkways and steps leading from one
terrace to another.
• Rectangular pools (hauds) with fountains for cooling
and aesthetics.
• Water cascades (chadars) that enhance the visual and
auditory appeal.
• Use of marble, red sandstone, and carved stones in
structures and fountains.
TA J M A H A L
• The Taj Mahal garden, also known as the "Charbagh" (four-part garden).

• Located in Agra, India, surrounding the Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage
site.
• Represents the pinnacle of Mughal garden design, completed in 1648 by
Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal
Design and Layout

• Follows the "Charbagh" layout, divided into four parts by walkways


(khiyabans) and water channels.

• A perfectly symmetrical garden measuring 300 meters square.

• Two main perpendicular water channels intersect at a central pool,


dividing the garden into four quadrants.

• Pathways constructed with red sandstone bordered by low marble


balustrades.
Planting and Vegetation

• The garden was initially planted with fruit-


bearing trees (pomegranates, mulberries)
and flowering plants (roses, lilies, tulips) to
symbolize life and beauty.

• Cypress trees planted along the water


channels, representing death and eternity.

• Careful selection of plant species to provide


color, fragrance, and shade throughout the
year.

Architectural Elements

• Raised marble plinths (chabutras) and


stone benches for viewing the garden.

• Use of marble, red sandstone, and intricate


inlay work (pietra dura) on pathways and
parapets.

• Four garden gates on each side symbolize


R A S H T R A PAT I B H AVA N
Located within the Presidential Estate of
Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, India.

Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the 1920s,


reflecting a blend of Mughal and British garden
styles.

Also known as the "Pearl Garden" due to its circular


shape and design.

Features circular flower beds with radial patterns,


surrounded by low hedges.

Centrally placed fountain with white and colored


flowers radiating outward.

Seasonal flowers planted in concentric circles,


creating a rainbow effect.
Covers an area of 15 acres, incorporating multiple themed gardens.

Follows a rectangular Charbagh layout, divided into four squares by


walkways and water channels.
Features a combination of Mughal-style canals, terraces, fountains, pergolas, and lawns.

Consists of several gardens: Main Garden, Terrace Garden, Long Garden (Purdha Garden), Circular
Garden (Pearl Garden), and Herbal Garden.
Flora and Fauna

Houses a wide variety of plants: exotic


and native species, annuals, perennials,
shrubs, and trees.

Features over 70 varieties of seasonal


flowers, including exotic species
imported from abroad.

Attracts numerous bird species,


butterflies, and insects, enhancing
biodiversity.
Architectural and Landscape

Incorporates Mughal garden elements like canals,


fountains, and stone pathways.

Use of red sandstone, marble, and ornate carvings


on garden furniture and parapets.

Symmetrical design to create a sense of order and


harmony, blending Indian and European garden
styles.
T H A N K YO U
Submitted to – AR. Jaspreet Kaur

Submitted by – Amanpreet Kaur 2299001

Ishpreet Kaur 229900

BARCH III YEAR

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