Training Manual of Panel

(CCFL & LED)

CCFL Lamps Appearance
U-shapes lamps

M-shapes lamps
straight lamps
Inverter Board
Power supply voltage board and Inverter board
inverter board is one PCB
TFT-LCD Imaging Principle
1:Scan IC transmission signal

2:Driver IC transmission imaging control signal

3:When one sub-pixel cut-off, the sub-pixel cannot get light to show black.

4:If sub-pixel cut-off ,but light through the color filter and display color

5:After the synthesis of light effects, the display can produce color effects.

Color filter
enlarge
TFT-LCD Imaging Principle
TFT-LCD Imaging Principle
CCFL backlight LCD TV
CCFL is not produce display signals , only provide light source.
Inverter board is a DC to AC converter. It is low-voltage DC convert into high-
voltage AC, and supply to light up CCFL lamps.

4unit CCFL
small size
LCD TV

Lots of CCFL
big size LCD
TV
CCFL Parameters
Values
Parameter Symbol Unit
Min Type Max

Operating Voltage VBL 655 685 805 VRMS

Operating Current IBL 3.0 5.0 6.0 mARMS

Starting Voltage(at 0 C) Vs 1370 VRMS

Operating Frequency FBL 45 58 80 kHz

Power Consumption PBL 3.43 3.77 Watt

Inverter parameters(size:24)
value
Item symbol unit remark
MIN TYP. MAX
输入电压 input voltage Vin V 9 12 16

工作频率 operate frequency foper kHz 40 50 80

调光电压 dimming voltage Vdim V 0 5 Anode or

cathode
dimming
灯管电流 lamp current Ilamp mArms 3.0 7.5 8.0

工作电压 Vlamp Vrms 700 880 I lamp=7.5mA

Operating voltage

启动电压 Vopen Vrms 1250 Ta = 25 ºC

Start-up voltage 1650 Ta = 0 ºC

启动时间 start-up time Ts S 1 3

CCFL Operate Voltage Waveform

• CCFL lamp light, the

voltage drop large,
sine waveform
change some
distortion
CCFL operate voltage
is 765V,normal CCFL
operate voltage is
765V 600V---800V,start
voltage is as high as
1500V—1800V

Distortion sine waveform

Block Inverter Diagram

Input

Brightness
adjustment
CCFL and LED Dimming
LED dimming pricinple(PWM mode) CCFL dimming pricinple(Analog mode)

Vadj fb out
Vadj fb out Imax
inverter Imax inverter

Duty cycle regarding large dimming

Duty cycle regarding large dimming
Vadj fb out
Vadj fb out Imax
inverter
inverter Imax

Duty Duty cycle regarding small dimming

cycle regarding small dimming
LED Chip Structure
LED Chip Structure
White LED structure

Large area phosphor layer

From LED From phosphor layer
High Brightness LED Structure
LED Advantages
•Low power consumption
• Extremely long lifetime
• Very low early failure rate
• Smallest
• Shockproof
• Does not produce UV radiation
Or intermediate frequency
interference
• Low power
• Light through the optical lens
transmitted out
• High color efficiency
•Low voltage
LED Bar of LED TV

•By a number of independent

white LED light strip solder into
the PCB (or aluminum plate)
Installed in the frame on the
screen (the side, both sides or
multilateral)
•Light of the length and the
number of LED lamps according
to the size of screen size varies
•The LED light on the many uses
of the series (some machines will
be used in parallel or series-
parallel hybrid) connected
•A single light on one or more
strings of LED
•Require specialized multi-string
LED constant current driver circuit
to drive
LED TV Structure
 LED vs CCFL
• Brightness and the startup time

CCFL LED
 LED vs CCFL
Light remote control interference
CCFL Spectrum LED Spectrum
 LED vs CCFL

CCFL ： need additional start-up

high –voltage,stimulate mercury
vapor.

LED ： The use of stable DC power

supply, no additional start-up high-
voltage
LED TV And LCD TV Differences
• LED TV and LCD TV's biggest difference is the different use of the backlight

• LCD TV uses CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) lamps, CCFL drawback is that lifetime
is short compared with LED and CCFL using raw materials containing mercury, mercury
pollution of the environment is a big injury

• LED TV: LED backlight that is used LED lamps. The disadvantage is higher the cost of LED
than CCFL , but lifetime is longer compared than the CCFL, and the mercury-free, less
environmental damage

LED
CCFL
LED and CCFL Backlight Compare
• Environmental protection(Material does not contain mercury)

• Currently CCFL light efficiency of 60 to 100lm / w

• Currently LED light effect can be achieved about120lm / w

• Low power, Follow-up development can be achieved higher

• long lifetime(Up to 100,000 hours)

• support collor is very wide:excellent display color

• DC driver, Easy to dynamically adjust the brightness

• safety: CCFL high-voltage drivers, LED drivers only need low-voltage

• CCFL for the fragile glass products, LED chips for the semiconductor solid-state
LCD Panel Block Diagram
T-CON Board Introduction
Inverter Board Introduction
TFT-LCD Block Diagram

Power In Backlight
inverter Lamps
for
Inverter

Gamma
RSD Reference Vcom
Timing S
Data In Controller
Voltages
(LVDS)

Source Drivers

Power Gate Drivers TFT-LCD Panel

In Power Converter
(DC/DC Converter)
for
signal
 Timing Controller
 SSC : Spread Spectrum Clock
EEPROM SSC
Input Signal
 DE Mode Only
 RGB 24bit Data Data
 Clock Controller

RSDS
Front
L RSDS
Rx
V Data
D LVDS ACC DCC T-CON
Rx
S
RSDS Back
Rx RSDS
T
Data
x
PLL Memory
Controller

 ACC : Accurate Color Capture Memory

Control Signal
 DCC : Dynamic Capacitance (DDR) &
 Compensation Gate Signal
LVDS Signal Format
LVDS Signal Input Data VESA JEIDA
RxOUT0 R0 R2
RxOUT1 R1 R3
RxOUT2 R2 R4
RxIN0 RxOUT3 R3 R5
RxOUT4 R4 R6
RxOUT6 R5 R7
RxOUT7 G0 G2
RxOUT8 G1 G3
RxOUT9 G2 G4
RxOUT12 G3 G5
RxIN1 RxOUT13 G4 G6
RxOUT14 G5 G7
RxOUT15 B0 B2
RxOUT18 B1 B3
RxOUT19 B2 B4
RxOUT20 B3 B5
RxOUT21 B4 B6
RxIN2 RxOUT22 B5 B7
RxOUT24 HSYNC HSYNC
RxOUT25 VSYNC VSYNC
RxOUT26 DE DE
RxOUT27 R6 R0
RxOUT5 R7 R1
RxOUT10 G6 G0
RxIN3 RxOUT11 G7 G1
RxOUT16 B6 B0
RxOUT17 B7 B1
RxOUT23
Resolution of LCD TV

Resolution Aspect Ratio No. of Pixel Panel Size

15:9 1280 x 768 17”, 19”

HD
16:9 1366 x 768 23”, 26”, 32”, 40”, 46”

FHD 16:9 1920 x 1080 40”, 46”, 5X”

Input Timing
 Resolution : 1366 x 768
Signal Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

Clock Fclk 60 80 85 MHz

Hsync Frequency Fh 43 50 53 KHz

Vsync Fv 48 60 66 Hz

Display 1366
Thd - - Clocks
period (1280)*
Horizontal timing
Total Th 1368 1600 1800 Clocks
Display
Tvd - 768 - Lines
period
Vertical timing
Total Tv 773 838 1200 Lines
Input Pins Assignment
 Connector: DF14A-20P-1.25H(HIROSE) or Compatable
 Model : 17”, 19”, 23” - HD
No Signal No Signal

1 Vin(+5V) 11 GND

2 Vin(+5V) 12 Rclk-

3 Rx0- 13 Rclk+
LVDS cable
4 Rx0+ 14 GND

5 GNN 15 Rx3-

6 Rx1- 16 Rx3+  LVDS Format Option

High : VESA, Low : JEIDA
7 Rx1+ 17 GND

8 GND 18 GND

9 Rx2- 19 LVDS Option

10 Rx2+ 20 N.C
Input Pins Assignment
 Connector: FI-E30S(JAE) or Compatible
No Signal No Signal  Model : 23”, 26”, 32”, 40” - HD

1 N.C(#1) 16 GND
2 N.C(#2) 17 Rx3-
3 N.C(#3) 18 Rx3+
4 GND 19 GND
5 Rx0- 20 N.C(#4)
6 Rx0+ 21 LVDS Option
LVDS cable
7 GND 22 N.C(#5)
8 Rx1- 23 GND
9 Rx1+ 24 GND
10 GND 25 GND  LVDS Format Option
11 Rx2- 26 Vdd(+5Vdc) High : VESA, Low : JEIDA

12 Rx2+ 27 Vdd(+5Vdc)
13 GND 28 Vdd(+5Vdc)
14 RxCLK- 29 Vdd(+5Vdc)
15 RxCLK+ 30 Vdd(+5Vdc)
Input Pin Assignment
No Signal No Signal  Connector: FI-E30S(JAE) or
Compatable
1 Odd Rx0 - 16 Even Rx2 +
 Model : 40”, 46 - FHD
2 Odd Rx0 + 17 Even RxCLK -
3 Odd Rx1 - 18 Even RxCLK +
4 Odd Rx1 + 19 Even Rx3 -
5 Odd Rx2 - 20 Even Rx3 +
6 Odd Rx2 + 21 Ground
LVDS Cable
7 Odd RxCLK - 22 Ground
8 Odd RxCLK + 23 Ground
9 Odd Rx3 - 24 Ground
10 Odd Rx3 + 25 Ground
11 Even Rx0 - 26 5V Input
12 Even Rx0 + 27 5V Input
13 Even Rx1 - 28 5V Input
14 Even Rx1 + 29 5V Input
15 Even Rx2 - 30 5V Input
Input Pin Assignment(Inverter)
 Connector : S14B-PH-SM3(JST) or Compatible

No Pin Name Pin Configuration

1 Vin Typ 24V
2 Vin Typ 24V
3 Vin Typ 24V
4 Vin Typ 24V Inverter cable
5 Vin Typ 24V
6 GND Ground
 B/L On/Off
7 GND Ground 3.3V : On, 0V : Off
8 GND Ground
 Analog Dimming
9 GND Ground 3.3V : Max, 0V : Min
10 GND Ground  PWM Dimming
11 NC No Connection Duty 30% : Min, Duty 100% : Max
12 B/L On/Off Inverter Enable
13 ADIM Analog Dimming
14 PDIM PWM Dimming
Inverter Specifications
19” 23” 26” 32” 40”

Lamp 6 U-Lamps 6 U-Lamps 8 U-Lamps 16 Lamps 20 Lamps

Input Voltage 24V 24V 24V 24V 24V

Output Current 4.5/~ /6.5 4.0/~ /7.0 4.5/5.5/6.5 4.0/5.5/7.0 4.0/5.5/7.0

PWM Dimming 30% 30% 30% 30% 30%

Analog Dimming O O O O O

PWM
170Hz 170Hz 170Hz 170Hz 170Hz
Frequency

Lamp Frequency 60KHz 60KHz 60KHz 60KHz 60KHz

Power
50W 70W 80W 110W 180W
Consumption
LED Backlight Driving Principle

Control Signal
LCD Driving Circuit

It is panel ( part NO.:LC420WUE-SBA) power sequence

Power Sequence

It is panel ( part NO.:LC420WUE-SBA) power sequence

 TCL 26D20 LED drive circuit
24Vconverter 38V DC-DC
DC=24V to and Multi-channel constant Adobe Acrobat
Document
DC=12V current control output voltage
converter divider
resistor

backlight
ON/OFF
control
signal

PWM
dimmin
g
signal

26D20—MP3389 is step-up control for 12 strings LED driver

MP3389’s Circuit
 LED Panel Structure Introduction
Front LCD PANEL Open cell
Take
care
braket
Panel serial NO.

Source board
1 protection sheet

2 prim sheet(vertical)
T-
con 3 prim sheet(horizontal)
Inverter board boar Take care Tape Carrier Package
d 4 Diffuser sheet

CCFL’S
Socket

Fromt After taking out open

mounting cell,we can see
bracket protection sheet Cable
LED Panel Structure Introduction
LED panel After taking out open cell,we
Front mounting bracket
can see protection sheet

Panel Serial NO. 1 protection

sheet
2 prim sheet(vertical)

prim sheet(horizontal)
3
4 Diffuser sheet

LED poower
Open cell supply socket

Inverter T-CON
board board

LED lamp

Flexible printed cable

Backlight Structure Introduction
LED Panel Module Introduction

Power
supply Qty’s LED lamps:18 unit Qty’s LED lamps:18 unit
socket

Two LED modules are parallel

If Vinput=57V,Vone led=57/18=3.2v,so that one LED’s voltage is very low
For example:Part NO.: 4A-LCD32T-AUC panel,there are 36 LED lamp each LED unit

Two LED diodes,if one diode is defetive,the

other diode can keep LED to light,two diodes is Solder on the PCB
defetive,all LED cannot light
The Others Introduction
Front
Power Main
cabinet Panel supply board Power
board Front supply Main Rear
cabinet Panel board board cabinet

Backlight
Open cell module

The other LCD TV structure

Stand base Rear
component cabinet

Common LCD TV structure

Open Cell Structure

Source PCB+Gate PCB

Source TCP

Gate TCP

Explain ： 1 、 Gate PCB and Source PCB and FPC in the Board
（ FPC=Flexible Printed Cable ， PCB=Printed Circuit Board ）
2 、 TCP=Tape Carrier Package
 Working Instruction of The Panel
Assembly protection Connect ground cable
Reflector sheet sheet\prim sheet(two Assembly bracket
\diffuser sheet
Bring open cell to assembly

Assembly protection
CCFL bracket sheet\prim sheet Check here it is ok or not
(two\diffuser sheet Put the open cell on
the backlihgt module

Assembly CCFL
,take careCCFL
not breaking

Take care source

gate board
Check panel it is ok or not
Take care :ccfl Finishing
and socket assemblying backliht
connect module
Take care flexible Tool’s moving opencell
printed cable
LCD Trouble Shooting
（1） （2）

CCFL is not light CCFL flash

Check power N Check power N

supply Check power Check power
supply V=24V
board supply V=24V or 12V supply board

Y
Y
N Check N
Check backlight on/off Vblihgt-dimming
or dimming

Y Y
Check Vt-con?
N
N
Check Vt-con?(power (powersupply
supplyof T-con board of T-con board
Vt-con) Vt-con)
Y Y

Check main board Check backlihgt board Check backlight board Check main board
LCD Trouble Shooting

CCFL is light and

then not light

N
Check power Check power
supply board supply V=24V or 12V

check CCFL or N
Y
Check main N connect to checkCCFL
Check backlight on/off
board CCFL cable or or cable
socket

Y
Check backlight
board
LCD Trouble Shooting
CCFL is light to
keep 2S,and then is
not light
N
Check transformer’s
feedback circuit N

Check CCFL socket Check CCFL’S

socket or plug
Check OPC’s
Y
circuit Y

N Check PWM’s
Y N N
OPV
and feedback Check transformer or Check transformer’s
circuit feedback circuit voltage

Y
Y
Check OPV and Replace Check MOS’S
OPC’s circuit PWM IC Check circuit
transformer and feedback
or capacitor circuit
What is LVDS?

LVDS Timing

picture

 High Speed
— megabits/second (Mbps) through gigabits/second (Gbps)
 Low Power
— x3.5mA current loop/output
 Low Noise
— low demands on power/ground
— radiated electric fields tend to cancel
 Low Cost
— pure CMOS implementations
What is LVDS?
▶ LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signaling)
- Interface between TV set and LCD module
- 340mV swing
- 7:1 Muxing
- 100 ohm R-Termination
- Reduce Data Bus Width

Data(LVDS) LCD
Host Module
CMOS/TTL CMOS/TTL
System
T-con
Graphic
Controller Clock(LVDS)

LVDS Tx LVDS Rx

CMOS/TTL Interface CMOS/TTL Interface

Data 24 line LVDS Interface Data 24 line
Control 3 line Data 4pair + Clock 1pair = 10 line Control 3 line
Clock 1 line Clock 1 line
LVDS Signal Mapping
What is RSDS?
▶ RSDS( Reduced Swing Differential Signaling)
- Interface between T-con and Source Drive IC
- 200mV Swing
- 2:1 Muxing ONLY 24 Data Lines,
- 100 ohm R-Termination RSDS (200mV) @ 80MHz
- Reduce Data Bus Width

RGB Data(RSDS)
Timing RSDS Timing/
Control N
Controller Tx Source
Column
Driver
........ NN
Column
Source
Driver
Driver
Clock(RSDS)

Row
RSDS Signal Mapping Driver
Timing Control
- LCD
. TFT
. PANEL
RSDSCLK
Row
Driver

DIO

RSDS00 D0 D1 D0 D1 D0 D1 D0 D1 D0 D1 picture
RSDS01 D2 D3 D2 D3 D2 D3 D2 D3 D2 D3
Appendix
TFT—Thin Film Transistor
LCD—Liquid Crystal Display
CCFL---Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
LED-----Light Emitting Diodes
HCFL -----Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
FMB ------Front mounting bracket
FPC--------Flexible Printed Cable(It is the circuit that applies to printing circuit with LC driver IC
and COG circuit interface.)
TCP--------Tape Carrier Package
BLU --------Back Light Unit
CELL------- Cell( It is the panel of liquid crystal that fill into the micro meter gap formed by
combining two glasses substrates.)
Cell gap-----Cell Gap(It is the gap between ITO film on color filter substrate and TFT
substrate.The size of the gap affects the transmittance of LCD display substrate and response
time of liquid crystal.)
CF-----------Color Filter (In order for LCD to generate colors,there is a pattern with Red,Green
and Blue,which is one of the parts in the LC cell.Color filter is structured by 4 major
components:Black Matrix to block light, pattern to display colors,transparent protection film
made from protection pattern and transparent electrode film used for driver LC).
CIE chromaticity diagram--------- CIE chromaticity diagram shows the graph of 2 dimensional
color coordinate.On the XYZ color graph and X10Y10Z10 color graph,it uses x,y or x10y10
direct coordinate,and they are called CIE1931 color graph or CIE 1964 color graph.It is also
known as xy or x10 y10 chromaticity diagram.
Appendix
COF-------Chip On Film(It is a simplified termof chip on film,which is a method of connecting
IC chip to the electrode terminal of flexible printed circuit board.The specialty of this IC
package method can thinner the flexible printed circuit board,which is about one third of
thickness of TCP.It also increases the reliability of the liquid crystal display module.The
current connecting processes used are:conductivity film,conductivity paste and eutectic
conjunction.)
COG-------Chip On Glass(It is a process of connecting electrode terminal of idisplay glass
sub strate and I/O of Driving IC directly to each other.The Driving IC must have bumping,and
the material used for liquid crystal substrate bumping is Au.The manufacturing process,which
uses ACF as its connecting material,is more matred.)
COP--------Chip On Plastic(It is a simplified term of Chip On Plastic,which is a method of
connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of plastic substrate.It is used for setting the
driver IC onto the liquid crystal panel of plastic substrate.
Contrast ratio-----The ratio between the maximum and minmum brightness when the LC is
On/Off.The contrast changes with different viewing angles,and therefore,maximum contrast
ratio is used for display.Generally,STN is 10:1 and TFT is 100:1 for display.
Data line------It is the perpendicular wiring used in TFT substrate to transfer display
signals.Because it is connected with the Source electrode or Drain electrode on each pixel in
TFT,it is also known as Source line or Drain line.The width of the line is often between few
um to 10 um.
Appendix
Driver IC-------It is the IC that drives the LCD.There two types of display matrix:Scanning
electrode(column electrode)Driver and Signal electrode(row electrode)Driver.The package of
driver changes from QFP to TCP.The Driver IC of poly-silicon LCD panel forms directly in the
display screen.
Gray scale----- Gray scale is for tuning the display between maximum and minimum
brightness.When digital signal is input to it,according to2,3,4,6 and 8 bit,there are 4,8,16,64
and 256 different gray levels.Analogue input can be used for infinity level tuning
display.There are two ways of gray scale:LCD driving voltage tuning and frame rate control.
LCD Driver--------LCD Driver is for driving LC panel circuit or IC.In matrix terms,it can be
differentiated into column electrode Driver and row electrode Driver.
Scanning line------It is the horizontal wiring line,which transfers signal to the gate electrode in
TFT board,It is also known as gate line.It also has the function to select horizontal
pixels.When the pixels are selected by the scanning line,the TFT is in a conductivity
status,and signals can be written into each pixel from Data line.The signal delay in the
scanning line causes great impact to the quality of the screen image,and therefore,low
resisto scanning line should be used.