Scribd
Upload
16 views33 pages

Unit2.BusStat

The document presents Module 2 of a Business Statistics course, focusing on classification, tabulation, and graphical representation of data. It defines classification, outlines its objectives, and describes various types such as geographical, chronological, qualitative, and quantitative classifications. Additionally, it explains tabulation, its objectives, and the differences between classification and tabulation, along with examples of frequency distributions and graphical representations like histograms and bar diagrams.

Uploaded by

valmikikruthi76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views33 pages

Unit2.BusStat

The document presents Module 2 of a Business Statistics course, focusing on classification, tabulation, and graphical representation of data. It defines classification, outlines its objectives, and describes various types such as geographical, chronological, qualitative, and quantitative classifications. Additionally, it explains tabulation, its objectives, and the differences between classification and tabulation, along with examples of frequency distributions and graphical representations like histograms and bar diagrams.

Uploaded by

valmikikruthi76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

BUSINESS STATISTICS

Module 2

Presented by
Dr.Analjyoti Basu
Assistant Professor
School of Commerce, Presidency University

Contact No: +91-8238976474/9434679226


Email:[email protected]/
[email protected]
MODULE 2:CLASSIFICATION,
TABULATION, DIAGRAMMATIC AND
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
DATA
Definition of Classification

“Classification is the process of arranging data into sequences and groups according to their
common characteristics or separating them into different but related parts.”

- Secrist

“ The process of grouping large number of individual facts and observations on the basis
of similarity among the items, is called classification”.
- Stockton & Clark
Characteristics of classification

Classification performs homogeneous grouping of data.

It brings out points of similarity and dissimilating.

The classification may be either real or imaginary.

Classification is flexible to accommodate adjustments.


Objectives / purposes of
classifications
 To simplify and condense the large data
 To present the facts to easily in understandable
form
 To allow comparisons
 To help to draw valid inferences
 To relate the variables among the data
 To help further analysis
 To eliminate unwanted data
 To prepare tabulation
Important types of classification
• Geographical (i.e. on the basis of area or
region wise)
• Chronological (On the basis of Temporal /
Historical, i.e. with respect to time)
• Qualitative (on the basis of character /
attributes)
• Numerical, quantitative (on the basis of
magnitude)
Geographical Classification
In geographical classification, the classification is based on the geographical regions.

Ex: Sales of the company (In Million Rupees) (region – wise

Region Sales

North 285
South 300
East 185
west 235
Chronological Classification
• If the statistical data are classified according to the time of its occurrence, the
type of classification is called chronological classification .
• Sales reported by a departmental store Month Sales
(Rs. in lakh)

January 22
Feb 26
mar 32
apr 25
may 27
jun 29
jul 30
aug 30
Qualitative Classification
In qualitative classifications, the data are classified according to the
presence or absence of attributes in given units. Thus, the
classification is based on some quality characteristics /
attributes.
Ex: Gender, Literacy, Education, Class grade etc.
Further, it may be classified as
a) Simple classification b) Manifold classification
Simple classification: If the classification is done into only two classes
then classification is known as simple classification.
Ex: a) Population in to Male / Female
b) Population into Educated / Uneducated
Manifold classification:
• In this classification, the classification is based on more than one
attribute at a time.

Population

Smokers Non-smokers

Literate Illiterate Literate Illiterate

Male Female Male Female

Male Female Male Female


Quantitative Classification
In Quantitative classification, the classification is based on quantitative measurements of
some characteristics, such as age, marks, income, production, sales etc. The quantitative
phenomenon under study is known as variable and hence this classification is also called as
classification by variable.
For a 50 marks test, Marks obtained by students as classified as follows

Marks No. of students

0 – 10 5
10 – 20 7
20 – 30 10
30 – 40 25
40 – 50 3
Total Students = 50
Meaning and Definition of
Tabulation

Tabulation may be defined as systematic arrangement of


data is column and rows. It is designed to simplify
presentation of data for the purpose of analysis and
statistical inferences.
•
Major Objectives of Tabulation
• To simplify the complex data
• To facilitate comparison
• To economise the space
• To draw valid inference / conclusions
• To help for further analysis
Differences between
Classification and Tabulation

• First data are classified and presented in


tables; classification is the basis for tabulation.
• Tabulation is a mechanical function of
classification because is tabulation classified
data are placed in row and columns.
• Classification is a process of statistical analysis
while tabulation is a process of presenting
data is suitable structure.
Data for Univariate-Frequency
Distribution.
Univariate-Frequency Distribution.
Cummulative Frequency Distribution.
Univariate-Frequency Distribution. Relative
Frequency Distribution.
Univariate-Frequency Distribution. Frequency
Density.
Bivariate-Frequency Distribution.
Bivariate-Frequency Distribution.
Histogram
Histogram(with unequal widths)
Frequency Polygon
Frequency Polygon(Contd…)
Ogive
Ogive(Contd..)
Ogive(Contd..)
Bar-Diagram (Simple)
Bar-Diagram (Sub-divided)
Bar-Diagram (Multiple)
Pie-Diagram
Pie-Diagram
THANK YOU

You might also like