Automobile

Engineering

Er. Baldev Singh Rana
 Automobile


 An automobile is a vehicle that is capable of
propelling itself. Since the 17th century, several
attempts have been made to design and
construct a practically operative automobile.
Today, automobiles play a crucial role in the
social, economic and industrial growth of any
country.
After the designing of
Internal Combustion Engines, the Automobile
industries has seen a tremendous growth.
 Components of An
Automobile

 The basic Structure
 The Power Plant
 The Transmission System
 The Auxiliaries
 The Controls
 The Superstructure
Note : A to E above constitute Automobile
Chasis.
 The Basic Structure

 Frame
 Suspension System
 Axles
 Wheels.
Frame

Suspension System

Axles

Wheels

The Power Plant

 The Transmission

 Functions:
 To disconnect the engine from the road wheels
when desired
 To connect the engine to the driving wheels
without shock.
 To vary the leverage between the engine and the
driving wheels.
 To reduce the engine speed permentally in a fixed
ratio.
 To turn the drive throught right angle
 Components of
Transmission

 Clutch
 Gear Box(Transmission)
 Universal Joint
 Differential
 The Auxiliaries

 Supply System-Battery and Generator
 The Starter
 The ignition System
 Ancillary devices
• Driving Lights
• Signaling
• Other lights
• Miscellaneous
 The controls

 Steering System
 Brakes
The Superstructure

 Classification of Automobiles:


 1. Based on Purpose or Use :
 Passenger vehicles: These vehicles carry
passengers. e.g: Buses, Cars, passenger
trains.
 Goods vehicles: These vehicles carry goods
from one place to another place. e.g: Goods
lorry, Goods carrier.
 Special Purpose: These vehicles include
Ambulance, Fire engines, Army Vehicles.
 2. Based on Load Capacity:


 Light duty vehicle: Small motor vehicles. eg:
Car, jeep, Scooter, motorcycle
 Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) – Small motor
vehicles – e.g: Cars, Jeeps

 Heavy duty vehicle: large and bulky motor


scooters, cars, mopeds, motorcycles
 Diesel engine vehicles – Automotives powered by diesel engine – e.g: Trucks,
Buses
 Gas vehicles – Vehicles that use gas turbine as power source – e.g: Turbine
powered cars
 Solar vehicles – Vehicles significantly powered by solar power – e.g: Solar
powered cars
 Hydrogen vehicles – Vehicles that have hydrogen as a power source – e.g:
Honda FCX Clarity
 Electric vehicles – Automobiles that use electricity as a power source – e.g:
Electric cars, electric buses
 Steam Engine Vehicles – Automotives powered by steam engine – e.g:
Steamboat, steam locomotive, steam wagon
 Hybrid Vehicles – Vehicles that use two or more distinct power sources – e.g:
Hybrid buses, hybrid cars like Toyota Prius, Honda Insight
 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) – Automobile that uses both Internal
Combustion Engine and Electric Power Source to propel itself – e.g: Jaguar C-X75
4. Based on Drive of the vehicles:


 Left-Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on the
left-hand side.
 Right-Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on
the right-hand side.
 Fluid drive : Vehicles employing torque
converter, fluid flywheel or hydramatic
transmission.
 Front wheel drive
 Rear wheel drive
 All Wheel drive
5. Based on number of wheels and axles:


 Two wheeler : motorcycles, scooters
 Three-wheelers : Tempo, auto-rickshaws
 Four wheeler : car, Jeep, Bus, truck
 Six-wheelers : Buses and trucks have
six tires out of which four are carried on the
rear wheels for additional reaction.
 Six axle wheeler : Dodge(10 tire) vehicle
6. Based on type of transmission:


 Automatic transmission
vehicles: Automobiles that are capable of
changing gear ratios automatically as they
move. e.g: Automatic Transmission Cars.
 Manual transmission
vehicles: Automobiles whose gear ratios have
to be changed manually.
 Semi-automatic transmission
vehicles: Vehicles that facilitate manual gear
changing with a clutch pedal.
7. Based on Suspension system used:


 Convectional – Leaf Spring
 Independent – Coil spring, Torsion bar,
Pneumatic.
 8. Based on Make
and Model

 Bajaj “Pulsar”,Royal Enfield “Bullet”etc
 Premier “Padmini”,Hindustan”Ambassador”etc
 Tata”Indica”,Ford”Ikon”etc
 9. Based on Body
Style

 Closed Cars such as Saloon, Coupe etc
 Open Cars Like Sports cars, Convertible cars
etc
 Special styles Such as estate car, station
wagon etc
 Car Segmentation by SIAM


 A1 Segment – Mini – Up to 3400mm (M800,
Nano)
A2 Segment – Compact – 3401 to 4000mm
(Alto, wagon r, Zen,i10,A-
star,Swift,i20,palio,indica etc)
A3 Segment – Midsize – 4001 to 4500mm
(City, Sx4, Dzire, Logan, Accent, Fiesta, Verna
etc)
 SIAM

 A4 Segment – Executive – 4501 to 4700mm
(Corolla, civic, C class, Optra, Octavia etc)
A5 Segment – Premiun – 4701 to 5000mm
(Camry, E class, Accord, Sonata, Laura, Superb
etc)
A6 Segment – Luxury – Above 5000mm
(Mercedes S class, 5 series etc)
B1 Segment – Van – Omni, Versa, Magic etc
B2 Segment – MUV/MPV – Innova, Tavera,
Sumo etc
SUV Segment – CRV, Vitara etc
Classification of Cars based on body Shape


 Classification of Cars based on body Shape
 ONE BOX (VAN/MPV) – It means Engine area,
Passenger area & luggage area all in one box.
There wont be separate compartment. For eg.
Omni, Ace Magic, Versa
TWO BOX (HATCHBACK) – It means Engine
are has a separate cabin while Passenger area
and luggage area are together. For eg. M800,
Alto, Santro, i10, A*, Swift etc.
Based on body shape

 THREE BOX
(SEDAN/SALOON/NOTCHBACK) – It means
Engine area, Passenger area & luggage area
all are having different cabin. For eg. SX4,
City, Fiesta
 ESTATE/STATION WAGON – Its nothing but
sedan whose roof is extended till the rearto
create more boot space. For eg. Indigo Marina,
Octavia Combi, etc., Dzire, Ambassador,
Indigo CS etc.
Based on body Shape

 SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) – These vehicles have large
tyres, higher seating, higher ground clearance. The engine
area is separate, but the passenger & luggage area are
enclosed together. Most of these vehicles are equipped
with either 4 wheel drive system or has the option for that.
For eg. CRV, SAFARI, GRAND VITARA, PAJERO etc

 SEMI NOTCHBACK – Its a sedan whose boot door can be

Any Questions ?
 

Thanks You