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The document provides an analysis of a weather dataset containing 730 observations with 9 features, focusing on weather conditions, temperature, humidity, and rain presence. It employs tools like Python and techniques such as K-NN classification and K-Means clustering to uncover trends, correlations, and patterns in the data, revealing insights about seasonal variations and the challenges of imbalanced data. Recommendations include collecting more balanced data and experimenting with advanced clustering algorithms to enhance predictive accuracy.

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12 views7 pages

Objective

The document provides an analysis of a weather dataset containing 730 observations with 9 features, focusing on weather conditions, temperature, humidity, and rain presence. It employs tools like Python and techniques such as K-NN classification and K-Means clustering to uncover trends, correlations, and patterns in the data, revealing insights about seasonal variations and the challenges of imbalanced data. Recommendations include collecting more balanced data and experimenting with advanced clustering algorithms to enhance predictive accuracy.

Uploaded by

iamsamurai0014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WEATHER


ANALYSIS
Dataset Overview
Number of Records: 730 observations.
 Features: 9 columns including:
o Date: Observation date.
o Weather Condition: Weather description (e.g., Smoke, Light Rain).
o Dewpoint (°C), Humidity (%), Pressure (hPa), Temperature (°C), Visibility
(km), Wind Direction (Compass), Rain_Presence (binary).
 Key Characteristics:
o Rain is a rare event, occurring in approximately 2.46% of the records.
o Visibility varies widely, with values ranging from 0 to 55 km (about 34.18 mi).

Tools and Techniques


 Tools: Python (pandas, seaborn, matplotlib, scikit-learn), Jupyter Notebook.
 Methods:
o EDA: Statistical analysis, correlation matrix, and visualizations.
o K-NN Classification: Predicting rain presence using normalized features.
o K-Means Clustering: Grouping weather patterns into clusters.
o PCA (Principal Component Analysis): Dimensionality reduction for
visualizing clustering results.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)


Key Findings
Maximum Temperature: 45°C; Minimum Temperature: 12°C.
Average Humidity: 36.34%; Median Pressure: 1008 hPa.
 Most Frequent Weather Conditions: "Smoke" and "Haze."
 Rain Presence: Rare, occurring in ~2.46% of observations.

Trends and Patterns


 Temperature vs. Humidity:
o Inverse correlation seen; higher temperatures often correspond to lower
humidity.
o Peaks in temperature align with drops in humidity, showing dry conditions.
 Seasonal Variations:
o Temperature and humidity follow cyclical patterns, corresponding to seasonal
weather changes.
 Rain Events:
o Rain occurs primarily under conditions labeled "Light Rain" or
"Thunderstorm."

Visual Representations
1. Temperature and Humidity Trends Over Time:

a. Description: This graph shows fluctuations in temperature and humidity over


the year, highlighting seasonal trends.
2. Correlation Heatmap:
 Description: Highlights strong positive correlations (e.g., Dew Point and Humidity)
and negative correlations (e.g., Temperature and Humidity).
4. Rain Occurrence by Weather Condition:

Weather Average Rain


Condition Presence
Light Rain 0.75
Thunderstorm 0.60
Smoke 0.00
Haze 0.00
a. Description: This table shows the likelihood of rain under various
weather conditions.
5. Temperature and Humidity Distributions:
a. Description: Temperature is normally distributed, while humidity is
right- skewed.

Methodology
K-NN Classification
 Steps:
o Normalization: Features such as "Temperature (°C), Humidity (%), etc." were
scaled to ensure equal importance.
oData Split: Dataset divided into 70% training and 30% testing sets.
oDistance Calculation: Euclidean distance computed between data points.
oNeighbor Selection: The 5 nearest neighbors named for each test sample.
oOutcome Prediction: Predicted class based on the majority vote of
neighbors.
M. eans Clustering
 Steps:
o Initialization: Randomly initialized 3 cluster centroids.
o Assignment: Data points assigned to the nearest centroid.
o Precomputation: New centroids calculated by averaging points in each
cluster.
o Convergence: Repeated assignment and precomputation until
centroids stabilized.

Visual Flow Diagram:

K-NN Classification Workflow:


Raw Data → Normalization → Distance Calculation → Neighbor Selection
→ Prediction

K-Means Clustering Workflow:

Initialize Centroids → Assign Points → Compute New Centroids → Repeat

Results
N. N Classification Results
 Accuracy: 99.09%.
 Confusion Matrix:

Actual\Predic No Rain Rain


ted (0) (1)
No Rain (0) 214 0
Rain (1) 2 3
 Precision for "Rain": 100%; Recall: 60% (missed 2 rain
events).
 Classification Report:
Metric No Rain Rain
(0) (1)
Precisio 99.07% 100%
n Recall
F1- 100% 60%
Score 99.53% 75%

M. eans Clustering Results


 Cluster Characteristics:
Cluste Avg Temp Avg Humidity Avg Pressure Avg Dew Point
r (°C) (%) (Hap) (°C)
0 29.89 43.85 1007.70 19.34
1 32.55 22.93 1008.29 13.41
2 25.70 71.91 1005.14 21.33
 Visualization:

Placeholder for Cluster Scatter Plot

o Description: PCA-reduced 2D scatterplot shows distinct groupings of weather


patterns.

Insights and
Learnings
 Trends Identified:
o Dry, hot weather conditions correspond to lower humidity (Cluster 1).
o Rain-prone conditions (Cluster 2) are characterized by cooler temperatures
and high humidity.
 Model Insights:
o K-NN is highly effective in predicting "No Rain," but struggles with "Rain" due
to class imbalance.
o K-Means successfully groups weather patterns into meaningful clusters,
revealing distinct weather regimes.

Challenges and Recommendations


Challenges
Imbalanced Data: Rain presence (1) is underrepresented (~2.46%), affecting recall.
Cluster Interpretability: K-Means assumes spherical clusters, which may not always
stand for real-world weather patterns.
Recommendations
Collect more balanced data, especially on rainy days, to improve classification
performance.
Experiment with advanced clustering algorithms (e.g., DBSCAN) for non-spherical patterns.
Incorporate added features like wind speed and precipitation rate for richer analysis.

Conclusion
 The project showed the value of EDA, K-NN, and K-Means in analyzing weather data.
 Findings highlight seasonal trends, the relationship between temperature and
humidity, and distinct weather patterns.
 Data science and AI techniques provide powerful tools to understand complex datasets
and predict outcomes, with practical applications in agriculture, coordination, and
environmental monitoring.
 Future Work: Incorporate time-series analysis for forecasting and apply deep learning
techniques for more advanced predictions.

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