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Basic concept of OOP's (1)

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a design approach that combines data and functions into objects, emphasizing data encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It contrasts with procedural programming, which focuses on functions and a top-down approach. OOP offers advantages like modularity and code reusability but can result in larger program sizes and slower execution times.

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16 views

Basic concept of OOP's (1)

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a design approach that combines data and functions into objects, emphasizing data encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It contrasts with procedural programming, which focuses on functions and a top-down approach. OOP offers advantages like modularity and code reusability but can result in larger program sizes and slower execution times.

Uploaded by

Audumber Haldankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic concept of

OOP's
Introduction
Object oriented programming is the principle of design and development of
programs using modular approach.
Object oriented programming approach provides advantages in creation and
development of software for real life application.
The basic element of object oriented programming is the data.
The programs are built by combining data and functions that operate on the
data.
Some of the OOP’s languages are C++, Java, C #, Smalltalk, Perl, and Python.
Procedural programming
The procedural programming focuses on processing of instructions in
order to perform a desired computation.
The top-down concepts to decompose main functions into lower
level components for modular coding purpose.
Therefore it emphasizes more on doing things like algorithms.
This technique is used in a conventional programming language such
as C and Pascal
Object oriented programming
Object oriented programming (OOP) is a concept that combines both the data
and the functions that operate on that data into a single unit called the object.
An object is a collection of set of data known as member data and the functions
that operate on these data known as member function.
OOP follows bottom-up design technique.
Class is the major concept that plays important role in this approach.
Class is a template that represents a group of objects which share common
properties and relationships.
Differences Procedural
Programming Object Oriented
Programming
Large programs are divided into smaller programs known as functions. Programs
are divided into objects.
Data is not hidden and can be accessed by external functions Data is hidden and
cannot be accessed by external functions.
Follow top down approach in the program design Follows bottom-up approach
in the program design
Data may communicate with each other through functions Objects may
communicate with each other through functions.
Emphasize is on procedure rather than data Emphasize is on data rather than
procedure.
Basic Concepts of OOP’s
The following are the major characteristics of OOP’s:

Objects : Objects are basic building blocks for designing programs. An


object is a collection of data members and associated member
functions. An object may represent a person, place or a table of data.
Each object is identified by a unique name. Each object must be a
member of a particular class. Example: Apple, orange, mango are the
objects of class fruit.
Classes
The objects can be made user defined data types with the help of a
class.
A class is a collection of objects that have identical properties,
common behavior and shared relationship.
Once class is defined, any number of objects of that class is created.
Classes are user defined data types.
A class can hold both data and functions. For example: Planets, sun,
moon are member of class solar system.
Data Abstraction: Data Abstraction refers to the process of
representing essential features without including background details
or explanations.
Data Encapsulation: ◦ The wrapping of data and functions into
a single unit (class) is called data encapsulation.
Data encapsulation enables data hiding and information hiding.
Data hiding is a method used in object oriented programming to
hide information within computer code.
Inheritance :
Inheritance is the process by which one object can acquire and use
the properties of another object.
The existing class is known as base class or super class. The new class
is known as derived class or sub class. The derived class shares some
of the properties of the base class. Therefore a code from a base
class can be reused by a derived class.
Overloading
Overloading allows objects to have different meaning depending
upon context.
There are two types of overloading viz. o Operator Overloading o
Function Overloading .
When an existing operator operates on new data type is called
operator overloading.
Function overloading means two or more function have same name,
but differ in the number of arguments or data type of arguments.
Polymorphism
:Theability of an operator and function to take multiple forms is
known as Polymorphism. The different types of polymorphism are
operator overloading and function overloading.
Message Dynamic binding &
Message Passing
Dynamic binding: ◦ Binding is the process of connecting one program to
another.
Dynamic binding is the process of linking the procedure call to a specific
sequence of code or function at run time or during the execution of the
program.
Message Passing: ◦ In OOP’s, processing is done by sending message to
objects. A message for an object is request for execution of
procedure.Message passing involves specifying the name of the object, the
name of the function (message) and the information to be sent.
Advantage of OOP’s
The programs are modularized based on the principles of classes and objects.
Linking code & object allows related objects to share common code. This reduces code
duplication and code reusability.
Creation and implementation of OOP code is easy and reduces software development time.
The concept of data abstraction separates object specification and object implementation.
Data encapsulated along with functions. Therefore external non- member function cannot
access or modify data, thus proving data security.
Easier to develop complex software, because complexity can be minimized through
inheritance.
OOP can communicate through message passing which makes interface description with
outside system very simple.
Disadvantage of OOP’s
Larger program size: OOP’s typically involves more lines of code than procedural
programs.
Slower Programs: OOP’s typically slower than procedure based programs, as
they typically require more instructions to be executed.
Not suitable for all types of programs.
To convert a real world problem into an object oriented model is difficult.
OOP’s software development, debugging and testing tools are not standardized.
Polymorphism and dynamic binding also requires processing time, due to
overload of function calls during run time.
Application of OOP’s
Computer graphics applications.
CAD/CAM software .
Object-oriented database.
User-Interface design such as windows
Real-time systems.
Simulation and Modeling
Artificial intelligence and expert systems.
Client-Server Systems.

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