GHANA TVET SERVICE

Course :
Name Of Facilitator: Masah Abubakari
TEL:0249434242.
email address: [email protected]
 TOPIC: COMPONENTS AND
FUNCTIONS OF VEHICLE SYSTEM
THE COMPONENTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• VEHICLE ENGINE
The engine it is complex machine build to convert heat from burning gas
into the force that turns the road wheels.
Five Main components of vehicle
engine
1. Engine Block
2. PISTONS
3. Crankshaft.
4. Camshaft
5. Cylinder Head
ENGINE BLOCK
The engine block is the back bone of the car engine. It provides a housing that
contains the pistons, crankshaft, camshaft and other component
PISTONS
Piston are what transfer the energy that is created during the combustion cycle and transmits it to the
crankshaft. This energy transfer, simply put, is what effectively propels our vehicles.
Pistons contain piston rings that ensure proper sealing as well as oil control.
CRANKSHAFT.
The crankshaft rides in the lower section of the engine block and rides in what is called crankshaft journals. The
crankshaft is a finely machined and balanced component that is connected to the pistons through what is known
as a connecting rod.
The crankshaft takes the up and down movement of the piston and converts it to rotary motion, or reciprocal
motion. The crankshaft rotates at engine speed.
 CAMSHAFT
The main job of the camshaft is to take the rotary motion of an engine and convert it to up and down movement.
This up and down movement controls the movement of the lifters which in turn moves the pushrods, rockers, and
valves.
The camshaft is supported by a series of bearings that are lubricated in oil to ensure long engine life.
CYLINDER HEAD
The cylinder head contains many items including valve springs, valves, lifters, pushrods, rockers, and
sometimes even camshafts.
The cylinder head also controls passages that allow flow of intake air into the cylinders during the
intake stroke as well as exhaust passages that allow the removal of exhaust gases during the exhaust
stroke.
The cylinder head is attached to the engine through what is called cylinder head bolts, the area sealed
between the two is sealed with a head gasket. Head gaskets can be a common source of engine issues.
CONCLUSION

• The above components are the main components of a car engine. The
car engine also contains many other parts, hoses, wires, and fasteners
to hold everything together. Bearings and oil throughout the engine
prevent premature wear, and a timing belt or chain ensures all
components function together at the correct time.
• Although the modern automotive engine can seem daunting,
hopefully you can now gleam a little bit more information on how all
these components function together in what is known as the modern
car engine.
PLEASE ANY QUESTION ON ENGINES
What a the symbols on your car’s
dashboard mean?
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
FUNCTIONS OF DASHBOARD SYMBOLS AND ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.
DASHBOARD SYMBOLS
DASHBOARD SYMBOLS
OIL PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT symbol indicate that there is an issue with
your car oil pressure system.
Either you’re running low on oil or your oil pump isn’t circulating.
TIRE PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT or tire pressure monitoring
system(TPMS) this image signals an issue with your tire pressure .
ENGINE TEMPERATURE warning light means your engine is overheating.
TRACTION CONTROL LIGHT indicates that your vehicle traction control

system is activated .
ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM(ABS) warning light means something is wrong
with the braking system.
ENGINE WARNING LIGHT(check engine light) means there is a problem about
the engine that you need to check.
BATTERY ALERT LIGHT it means there is a problem on the charging system.
LOW FUEL INDICATOR LIGHT means your vehicle is running low on fuel.
AUTOMATIC SHIFT LOCK or engine start indicator it means you are trying to
start your engine without engaging the brake.
SEAT BELT REMINDER LIGHT reminds you or your passenger to fasten your
seatbelts.
AIRBAG INDICATOR LIGHT it means something is wrong with one of your
airbags or the entire airbag system.
FOG LAMP INDICATOR LIGHT symbol shows that your fog light are on
WASHER FLUID INDICATOR LIGHT means that you’re low on wind shied
washer fluid.
BRAKE WARNING LIGHT means parking brake is engaged or there’s a problem
with you braking system.
TRANSMISSION TEMPERATURE warning light it means your transmission is
overheating.
This could be caused by low transmission fluid.
Please any question on dashboard
symbols
Electrical system of the vehicle
• Battery system
• Charging system
• Ignition system
• Starting system
• Lighting system
STARTING SYSTEM CIRCUIT:
The function of the starting circuit on the motor vehicle is to provide easy
means of cranking or starting the engine from cold.
BATTERY SYSTEM
The function of the battery circuit on the motor vehicle is to serve as a storage
unit or a reservoir for the current needed to operate the electrical component.
the type of battery that is been used on the motor vehicle is known us lead
acid battery. the lead acid battery consist of the following ,case ,plate, cell,
terminals, electrolyte and separators
CHARGING SYSTEM
The function of the charging system on the motor vehicle is to produce or generate electrical energy to maintain or
recharge the battery and also supply current or electrical energy to the consuming load, such as head light, radio
and fan.
IGNITION SYSTEM
The function of the ignition circuit on the motor vehicle is to provide spark at
correct sequence to ignite the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
The ignition circuit is only found on spark ignition engines {S.I engine}
LIGHTING SYSTEM
The function of the lighting circuit on the motor vehicle is to produce an
illumination during darkness to enable the driver to see his/her way through the
road.
MAIN PARTS OF CAR BODY

1. Body Shell 11. Dashboard 22. Fender

2. Hood or Bonnet 12. Radiator 23. Fender liners
3. Bumper Grille 13. Radiator Supports 24. Mirrors
4. Front Bumper 14. Quarter Panel 25. Window glass
5. Rear Bumper 15. Cowl panel 26. Quarter window
6. Crash Guard or 16. Car Roof 27. Wheels
Bull Bar 17. Car Sunroof 28. Mud flaps
7. Head Light 18. Car Doors 29. Hubcap
8. Indicator Lights 19. Door Handle
9. Tail Lights 20. Wiper blade
10. Fog lamp 21. Trunk or Decklids
1. BODY SHELL.
The vehicle body shell is the useful spine. The body of a vehicle rests in the suspension and fits the
engine, mechanical and electrical structures, seats, etc. It is planned to convey the greatness of all parts
that are accessible in the vehicle and even handles the weight of explorers.
CAR HOOD OR BONNET:
In some nations, the car hood is also referred to as the bonnet.
This sort of thin sheet cover is pivoted and sits on top of the motor in vehicles. In addition to many
others, it contains the engine, battery, coolant, windscreen fluid, cooling fan, compressor, and alternator.
The hood permits direct admittance to the motor compartment for upkeep and fix purposes. Moreover, it
likewise safeguards these parts from direct daylight and residue. A secret hook is usually utilized
alongside the hood to hold it safely while you’re investigating your vehicle.
3. BUMPER GRILLE:
The front body of the car (vehicle) is covered by the bumper grille, which keeps the engine cool.
The car draws air through the grille when driving, which assists to ventilate the engine bay.
Fundamentally, it safeguards the radiator and permits cold air to enter the radiator of the vehicle.
. Front Bumper:
Although the bumper may appear to be an extra component, your car truly depends on the straightforward design. Bumpers are
typically bars that cushion a car’s impact with an object.
The capability of the front guard is to safeguard your vehicle on the off chance that an unexpected impact occurs. For this
situation, it retains the majority of the effect during low-speed crashes to forestall serious harm to the driver, vehicle, and traveller
REAR BUMPER:

The rear bumper is built to protect you from serious injury. In low-speed collisions, it lessens or
completely eliminates physical damage to the front and back sides of the car.
These vehicle body parts ordinarily assimilate shocks from the fender. The back guard is
fundamentally made of steel, aluminum, elastic, or plastic and principally safeguards the
storage compartment, grille, fuel, exhaust, and cooling frameworks.
 HEAD LIGHTS:
Basically, everyone is aware that the main purpose of a car’s headlights
is to illuminate the road and enable safe and fatigue-free driving.
 INDICATOR LIGHTS:
Pointer lights are accessible in red, orange and some are white in variety.
They can be situated on the front, back, and at times on both the left and right sides
of the vehicle. These are utilized to demonstrate an ideal shift in course, whether
transforming left or right or going out into traffic.
9. Tail Lights:
The taillights think about the wellbeing part of the vehicle. These lights permit your vehicle to be seen during
low perceivability conditions and caution different drivers that you are dialing back. On most vehicles, the tail
light is red and the brake light is all the more dazzling red.
The taillights stay ON when you turn ON your headlights or while your stopping brake is ON.
While the brake light will illuminate promptly when you apply strain to the brakes. So the brake light and tail
lights are not something similar.
 DASHBOARD:
The dashboard is the controlling board of any sort of vehicle. This is otherwise called run or
instrument board. It exists in the focal control center of a vehicle and is generally found straight
in front of the drive.
The driver’s controls and tools for operating the vehicle are shown on the dashboard. It contains
direct controls, (for example, a controlling haggle) assortment of gauges to show information
about speed, fuel level, and oil pressure. Information, climate control, and entertainment
systems are typically found in modern varieties.
DASHBOARD
DASHBOARD
RADIATOR: is located directly behind the front grille. The component that controls the engine’s
temperature and guards against overheating is at the heart of the cooling system of the car.
Its motivation is to keep the motor’s coolant liquid at the appropriate level. As the coolant
courses all through the motor, it warms up and the cooling balances inside the radiator cool the
fluid as it disregards them.
 CAR ROOF:
The portion of a car that rests on top of the passenger area and provides
protection from the sun, wind, rain, and other elements is called the roof.
The vehicle roofs are regularly covered with main events that give protection
against intensity and commotion, and furthermore conceal wires and equipment
for electrical parts, radio wires.
CAR SUNROOF:
The sunroof gives driver a reasonable perspective of the sky, keeps the vehicle
cooled, and lets daylight inside, giving the impression of space. A vehicle’s
rooftop might include a panel like this that slides out or can be pushed on a
mission to give light access.
CAR DOORS:
Car door is a specific kind of aperture that often has a hinge on the outside of a
car. Sometimes it is connected to additional devices, such a track for getting in
and out of the car. The majority of individuals may not be aware of the various
types of automobile doors that are available.
WIPER BLADE:
Nearly all vehicles, including cars, lorries, buses, etc., have wiper blades, which
are crucial for the driver’s ability to see well. These are use to remove snow,
water, and/or debris from the front glass of the car so that the driver can see
what is in front of them.
They are extremely helpful during stormy climate; water drops on the
windshield continually block the driver’s perceivability which can prompt
significant mishaps.
DOOR HANDLE:
Door handles help the driver or travelers to get in or out of the vehicle.
Entryway handles are the main part as they contain entryway locks. Typically,
we utilize the entryway handle to open the vehicle from outside or inside. There
are various sorts of entryway handles accessible as indicated by the vehicle
model.
CAR TRUNK: the main storage or baggage area of a car, which is frequently
found at the back of a sedan, coupe, or convertible.
CAR TRUNK
FENDER:-It isn’t just a security part yet additionally improves the general look
of your vehicle. Its essential capability is to safeguard and safeguard the
traveler compartments by forestalling sand, mud, rocks, fluids, and different
streets shower from being tossed high up by the pivoting tire.
FENDER LINER:-Every type of vehicle has a unique fender liner for each wheel.
Fender liners have the purpose of preventing harmful contaminants from entering the engine compartment and causing
major harm such as dirt, mud, water, environmental poisons, and other impurities.
MIRRORS:
Side-view mirrors and rear-view mirrors are the two most common kinds of
mirrors that are used in cars.
REAR-VIEW MIRROR:-They fill different needs that assistance to guard you as a
driver. It gives you an alarm driving encounter by permitting you to see behind your
vehicle without turning your head. Likewise, they are particularly significant when a
vehicle is moving backward stuff.
SIDE-VIEW MIRROR:-These are otherwise called wing mirrors. These mirrors
are situated on the outside of the vehicles to assist the driver with seeing
regions behind and side of the vehicle or outside the driver’s fringe vision.
 WINDOW GLASS:
Visibility is the primary justification for using glass windows in automobiles. The
visibility controlled by the glass is quite helpful whether it is in the front, side, or
back of the car.
The glass permits travelers to see where they are proceeding to permit natural
sunlight or artificial road lighting to enter the vehicle. There are usually two
types of window glass used, single-layer toughened glass or laminated safety
glass.
QUARTER WINDOW:
A sort of side window is situated before the front entryway glass or after the
back entryway glass. In certain models, the decent quarter window might be put
in the corner or “C-support point” of the vehicle.
They give the driver a brief glimpse of the road ahead so they can safely turn,
accelerate, park, or change lanes.
HUBCAP:
It is an enriching plate on an auto wheel that covers the focal piece of the wheel.
The capability of the hubcap is to cover wheel center and wheel clasp to diminish
the soil and dampness assortment.
All types of dirt and debris get lodged in the tyres when you drive without a hub
cover, which can cause tyre wear and tear. Foreign objects are prevented from
damaging your wheels and extending their lifespan by using a hubcap.
PLEASE ANY QUESTION ON CAR
BODY?
 SUSPENSION SYSTEM

• Modern automobiles often provide comfort and luxury alongside

speed and performance. People tend to think of heated seats or
cruise control systems as adding comfort to a journey, but the biggest
factor in ensuring that every ride is as smooth as it can be?
Suspension. A car’s suspension system is without a doubt the most
important factor in having a comfortable and steady performance and
allowing the driver to truly control their car. But what is the purpose
of the system, aside from providing comfort, and how does it work?
THE FUNCTION OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
The main job of a car suspension system is to ensure that there is maximum
friction between the tyres and the surface of the road, to provide steering
stability with good handling, and to ensure the comfort of the passengers. It is
intern to absorb vibration, gravitation, and impact forces from the road.
COMPONENTS OF A SUSPENSION SYSTEM
LEAF SPRINGS
COIL SPRINGS
A coil spring is a heavy duty torsion bar coiled around an axis. How stiff the
spring is affects how the sprung mass (everything located above the springs
and therefore supported by the springs) responds when the car is driven
DAMPERS
When springs absorb the force and energy from uneven surfaces in the road, this energy must be dissipating
somehow. This is the job of dampers. Shock absorbers are, therefore, a type of damper. They slow down and
reduce the magnitude of vibratory motion by turning kinetic energy into heat energy to be dissipated
through hydraulic fluid. Shock absorbers are velocity sensitive; the faster the suspension moves the more
resistance the shock absorber provides. They can adjust to road conditions and control all unwanted motion
including bounce, sway, break dive, and acceleration squat.
COMPLETE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS
PLEASE ANY QUESTION ON
SUSPENSION SYSTEM?
Steering system:
• The steering system is what converts the steering wheel’s rotational
motion into the linear motion that turns the vehicle’s wheels. It is
basically the one that makes the car respond whenever you rotate the
steering wheel. It is also the one that ensures that you will get a
trouble-free course forward. To make all of these happen, the steering
system has many steering components that transfer the steering
wheel movement into the steering shaft in order to move the wheels
left and right.
Steering wheel
The steering wheel, as you might notice, is the one that the drivers use to control the vehicle’s
direction. The movement and the steering of the driver will go through a number of joints and
hydraulic lines in the steering system to convert it into movements of the wheels of the vehicle .
STEERING SYSTEM
BRAKING SYSTEM
A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving
system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its
motion, most often accomplished by means of friction.
BRAKING SYSTEM
PLEASE ANY QUESTION?
EXHAUST SYSTEM:- The exhaust system collects the exhaust gases from the
cylinders, removes harmful substances, reduces the level of noise and
discharges the purified exhaust gases.
EXHAUST SYSTEM
ANY QUESTION ?
• THANK YOU