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R&W Lesson 4

This document provides a comprehensive guide on developing effective paragraphs, emphasizing the importance of a clear topic sentence and supporting details. It outlines the characteristics of effective paragraphs, including unity, adequate development, and coherence, while also discussing various methods for organizing details. Additionally, it introduces signal devices that enhance paragraph flow and clarity.

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Rize Akame
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3 views15 pages

R&W Lesson 4

This document provides a comprehensive guide on developing effective paragraphs, emphasizing the importance of a clear topic sentence and supporting details. It outlines the characteristics of effective paragraphs, including unity, adequate development, and coherence, while also discussing various methods for organizing details. Additionally, it introduces signal devices that enhance paragraph flow and clarity.

Uploaded by

Rize Akame
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 4: DEVELOPING

EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS
WITH TOPIC SENTENCES
AND SUPPORTING DETAILS
Defining Paragraphs
A paragraph is a group of
sentences that deals with one
particular idea. Paragraphs are
defined by the point that they
support, the controlling idea,
and not just by how long they
are. This is the fundamental rule
in writing paragraphs: only one
idea should be discussed per
paragraph.
Identifying the
Parts of a
Paragraph: The
A topic sentence tells the
Topic Sentence
reader the main idea of
your paragraph. It
reveals what you generally
To compose a paragraph
plan to propose, argue, or
effectively, you should be
familiar with its parts: the explain.
topic sentence and
supporting details
Identifying the
Parts of a A topic sentence can be
Paragraph: The explicit, or clearly states
Topic Sentence the ideas that will be
elaborated on in the
paragraph.

However, a topic sentence


can also be implied.
A topic sentence is implied if
Identifying the there is a clear controlling
Parts of a idea of what the paragraph is
Paragraph: The about. The reader will be able to
Topic Sentence determine the focus of the
paragraph because all of the
details.
Also, a good topic sentence
reveals your attitude toward the
subject. It is helpful to include
details like facts and examples
that turn the topic sentence into
something more specific and
concrete.
Identifying the Parts
of a Paragraph:
Supporting Details

Every paragraph needs supporting details to


elaborate on the topic sentence. These supporting
details may range from facts, examples, or instances.
Good supporting details expound on the main idea and
act as adequate; they are specific and stem from the
general idea established by the topic sentence.
Making Your
Paragraphs Effective

The first characteristic of an effective


paragraph is unity. Unity simply means
that all of the sentences in the
paragraph are related to the topic
sentence. The whole paragraph should
begin and end with one focus only.
Each of the details should have a clear
and consistent connection to the topic
sentence.
Making Your
Paragraphs Effective

The second characteristic of an


effective paragraph is adequate
development. The topic sentence in
the paragraph should be elaborated on
using concrete evidence, different
examples, relevant facts, and specific
details.
Making Your
Paragraphs Effective

The third characteristic of an effective


paragraph is coherence. this means
that the sentence are arranged in a
logical manner, making them easily
understood by the reader.
Making Your
Paragraphs Effective

First, the details of a paragraph can be


organized according to chronological,
spatial, or emphatic order.
Making Your
Paragraphs Effective

Meanwhile, spatial arrangement is


when the sentences of a paragraph are
arranged according to geographical
location, such as left to right, up to
down, etc.
Making Your
Paragraphs Effective

Finally, emphatic order is when the


information found in a paragraph is
arranged to emphasize certain points
depending on the writer’s purpose.
Next, you can also achieve
coherent paragraphs through the
use of signal devices, or words
that give readers an idea of how
the points in your paragraph are
progressing.
The following are examples of signal
1.Transition (thesedevices:
are words and phases that connect one idea
to another)
a. Time (first, immediately, afterward, before, at the same time,
after, earlier, simultaneously, finally, next, in the meantime, later,
eventually, then, meanwhile, now, subsequently, etc.
b. Sequence (moreover, furthermore, next, also, finally, last,
another, first, second, third, besides, additionally, etc.)
c. Space (above, next to, below, behind, beside, etc.)
d. Illustration (for instance, specifically, for example, namely, in this
case, to illustrate, etc.)
e. Comparison (similarly, also, in the same way, still, likewise, in
comparison, too, etc.)
f. contrast (but, despite, however, even though, yet, on the other
hand, although, on the contrary, otherwise, conversely, etc.)
g. Cause and Effect (because, as a result, consequently, then, so,
since, etc.)
h. Conclusion (thus, therefore, in conclusion, in short, etc.)
2. Repetitions (repetitions of main ideas keep continuity and
highlight important ideas)
3. Synonyms (these are words similar in meaning to important
words or phrases that prevent tedious repetitions)
4. Pronouns (words that connect readers to the original word that
the pronouns replace)
5. Parallelism (using similar sentence structures)

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