Mood
disorders
Dr. Ayatulla Elsayed
Assistant lecturer at neuropsychiatry
department
Benha university
Major Depressive Disorder
Biological psychological / Illness
environmental
Genetics / family history Childhood abuse/ neglect Physical illness
Neurotransmitter deficiency: Life stressors (acute or Medications:
Serotonin chronic) : Antihypertensive
Dopamine financial Anticonvulsant
Noradrenaline occupational
Loss (parental)
Interpersonal relationships
Lack of family support Endocrinal :
Hypothyroidism
Cushing disease
Substance abuse
Hormonal level
changes:
postpartum
Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective disorders
Bipolar 1 Bipolar 2
Presence of manic symptoms for 7 Presence of hypomanic symptoms for 4
days days
Depression is common but not required Depression is required for diagnosis
for diagnosis