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5.Printing Methods

The document outlines various textile printing methods, including traditional techniques like stencil and block printing, as well as modern methods such as roller and digital printing. Each method is described with its advantages and disadvantages, emphasizing the evolution of printing technology and the shift towards more efficient techniques. Key processes involved in block and roller printing are detailed, highlighting the equipment and steps necessary for each method.

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13 views21 pages

5.Printing Methods

The document outlines various textile printing methods, including traditional techniques like stencil and block printing, as well as modern methods such as roller and digital printing. Each method is described with its advantages and disadvantages, emphasizing the evolution of printing technology and the shift towards more efficient techniques. Key processes involved in block and roller printing are detailed, highlighting the equipment and steps necessary for each method.

Uploaded by

nahidulbutex002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of Printing

There are several methods of printing which


were used frequently but now have become
almost obsolete and there are comparatively
new methods of Printing. Below are some of the
most employed printing methods-
Types of Textile Printing Methods:
• Stencil Printing
• Block Printing
• Roller Printing
• Screen Printing
• Heat Transfer Printing
• Digital Printing
• Sublimation Printing
Stencil Method of
Printing:
• Stencil method is one of the oldest methods of
Printing developed by Japanese.

• A Stencil is prepared by cutting out a design from a


flat sheet of paper, metal or Plastic.

• In it color is applied to the fabric by brushing or


Spraying the Colorant over the pattern made from
paper/cut board which is placed over fabric.
Advantages:

1. Simple and cost effective.


2. Stencils can be made rapidly and can be used
for small orders.

Disadvantages:

2. Good Design is difficult to obtain.


3. Process is Laborous.
4. Not Suitable for large Scale production.
Block Method of Printing:

1. It is the oldest and simplest way of printing.

2. In this method a wooden block with raised on


the surface dip into printing colorant and
pressed face down on the fabric.

3. Generally wooden block is curved out of hand.


Steps Involved in Block Printing:

1. Carving of Printing block.


2. Fabric mounting and fixing on printing
table.
3. Color preparation.
4. Fabric Printing.
5. Printed fabric drying.
6. Curing and Finishing.
Fabric mounting and fixing on printing table:

1. A flat table is required for block printing.


2. The table width is kept according to the fabric width.
3. At least 6 inches margin on both sides of width of table is
kept.
4. Cushioning on the table surface is done to make the table
surface flexible.
5. The fabric selvedge should be parallel to the length of the
table.
6. The wrinkles are removed from the fabric to be printed.
7. The fabric is fixed upon the table with the help of steel
pin.
Color Prepration:
1. The required Color is prepared in color tray.
2. A separate color tray is prepared for each
color.
3. A thick woolen cloth or thin sponge sheet is
placed in the color way.
4. The woolen fabric or thin sponge absorbs
the color well.
Fabric Printing Process:

1. In Fabric Printing Light Shade is printed first.

2. The block is fitted with a handle for grip.

3. The printing surface of the block is touched in woolen cloth


and sponge in color tray and pressed gently.

4. Now the block is placed on the fabric according to the design


and pressed tightly.

5. The block is repeated according to the design.


Advantages:

1. Simple method.
2. No expensive equipment required.
3. Prints produced have great decorative value.

• Disadvantages:

1. Method is slow, therefore low output.


2. Process is Laborous.
3. Fine and delicate design hard to produce.
Roller Printing
• Roller Printing also called cylinder printing or
machine printing or engrave roller printing. It is a
modern continuous printing technique. In this
method, a heavy copper cylinder (roller) is
engraved with the print design by carving the
design into the copper. Roller printing is a
continuous automatic production in which the
process is carried out with the aid of engraved
copper rollers. A separate engraved roller is used
for each color. Due to low productivity, roller
printing method has been almost completely
replaced by rotary screen printing.
• In the past, the design was engraved by hand, but
this was found to be unreliable and time consuming.
Nowadays, the photographic engraving method,
together with the chemical (mainly strong acids)
etching technique, is the widely used approach.
Most machines accommodate rollers with a
maximum 16-inch circumference which means the
size of the print repeat cannot be larger than 16
inches. The roller width varies from 30 to 80 inches
and is normally wider than the fabric to be printed.
The numbers of colors within a print repeat are
limited by the numbers of rollers that the machine
can accommodate.
Roller Printing Machine Diagram
Function of Different Parts :
• Lapping:

• This is covering of central pressure bowl and is


made up of special fabric of Linen Warp and
Worsted Weft.
• Eight to twelve layers of fabric are wounded
on the bowl to free from crease.
• Blanket:

• It is thick woolen cloth tightly woven.


• It is of uniform elasticity, texture and of equal
thickness.
• This increases the elasticity of lapping and it
circulates continuously round the pressure bowl
between the lapping and cloth to be printed.
• After continuous use blanket become hard soiled
by the paste penetrating into it,and must be
either turned or replaced.
• Back Grey:

• When the woolen blanket is used, unbleached


cotton cloth is run between the blanket and
the cloth to be printed protect the blanket
from passing the print paste passing through
the cloth.
• After use it is taken for bleacing and may be
used for printing.
Engraved Roller:

• Solid and shell engraved rollers are available


which varies in length.
• Generally they are Chromium or Nickel plated
to lengthen their life.
• As many as 16 rollers can be accommodated
per machine, each roller imprints one repeat
of the design.
Doctor Blades
• Color Doctor:
• Color Doctor is made of Steel.
• It consists of sharp steel plate and razor like
edge, which rest on engraved roller.
• The doctor blade is given to and fro motion
parallel to the direction of roller axis to
prevent unequal wear and tear of the blade
edge.
• Lint Doctor:

• Lint Doctor is made of Brass.


• It purpose is to pick up loose cotton fibers
attached to the engraved roller, which
otherwise would find their way into the color
box.
Printing process:
• The machine has a main cylinder that is fitted
with a large Gear. The print paste is supplied
from the color box to rotating copper rollers,
which are engraved with design.
• This roller contact the main cylinder roller
which transports the fabric. The design is
transferred to the fabric by contacting rollers
and fabrics.

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